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There are several endogenous molecules that can trigger migraine attacks when administered to humans. Notably, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been identified as a key player in a signaling cascade […]
The properties of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that innervate the distal colon are poorly defined, hindering our understanding of their roles in normal physiology and gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Here, […]
Decades of research into chronic pain has deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms behind this process. However, a failure to consider the biological variable of sex has limited the […]
Chronic pain is often associated with cognitive decline, which could influence the quality of the patient’s life. Recent studies have suggested that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is crucial for memory […]
A comorbidity of chronic pain is sleep disturbance. Here, we identify a dual-functional ensemble that regulates both pain-like behaviour induced by chronic constrictive injury or complete Freund’s adjuvant, and sleep […]
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are among the most abundant non-neuronal cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and closely envelop sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli. However, little is still known […]
The spino-ponto-amygdaloid pathway is a major ascending circuit relaying nociceptive information from the spinal cord to the brain. Potentiation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) to central […]
Spinal cord stimulation is an effective treatment for those experiencing chronic back and leg pain but requires a temporary evaluation period (SCSeval) before permanent implantation. We present real-world data from […]
The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their receptors are linked to migraine neurobiology. Recent antimigraine therapeutics targeting the signaling of these neuropeptides are […]
Chronic pain affects nearly 20% of the US population. It is a leading cause of disability globally, and associated with a heightened risk for suicide. The role of the central […]
The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is increasingly recognized as a molecular target for PET imaging of inflammatory responses in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the reported sensitivity and […]
Chronic morphine exposure causes the development of addictive behaviors, accompanied by an increase in neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. While previous researches have shown that astrocytes contribute to brain […]
Pain is a common consequence of childhood cancer. While most research has examined biomedical predictors of post-cancer pain, biopsychosocial conceptualisations such as the Cancer Threat Interpretation (CTI) model hold promise […]
Neurotoxicity of chemotherapeutics involves peculiar alterations in the structure and function, including abnormal nerve signal transmission, of both the peripheral and central nervous system. The lack of effective pharmacological approaches […]
Gabapentinoid (GABA) prescribing has substantially increased while opioid prescribing has decreased since the 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines restricted opioid prescribing for chronic pain. The shift to […]
To investigate the effect of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/regulatory T cell (Treg)/T-helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway on the pathogenesis of migraine.
Some probiotics may be beneficial in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but differences in species and strains used, as well as endpoints reported, have hampered attempts to make specific recommendations as […]
Sickle cell disease (SCD), one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders, is caused by the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta-globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, […]
The dopaminergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We explored the effects and mechanisms of dopaminergic system modulation in the in vivo […]
Physical stressors can cause a physiological response that can contribute to an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA damage. People living with HIV (PWH) are more likely to suffer from […]
Pain sufferer usually show an aversion to the environment associated with pain, identified as pain aversion. The amygdala, an almond-shaped limbic structure in the medial temporal lobe, exerts a critical […]
Chronic axonal polyneuropathy is a common disease of the peripheral nervous system with increasing prevalence with age. Typical neurological signs are present in patients with polyneuropathy, but may also occur […]
Chronic pain is processed by at least three well-known pathways, two pain provoking pathways including a medial ‘suffering’ and lateral ‘painfulness’ pathway. A third descending pain pathway modulates pain but […]
Existing treatment for chronic pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) is opioid-dependent, which is ineffective and carries risks. We conducted a scoping literature review to assess the size and scope […]
Clinical trials on anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies poorly investigated their impact on migraine accompanying symptoms.
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a common syndrome associated with most forms of cancer, which poses a serious threat to human health. NPP may persist even after the nociceptive stimulation is […]
TissueGene-C (TG-C), a combination of human allogeneic chondrocytes and irradiated GP2-293 cells engineered to overexpress transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), has been developed as a novel cell-based gene therapy and a […]
Here we studied whether the sex-related difference in mechanical hypersensitivity induced by neuropathy is associated with the discharge rate of medullary pain control neurons. We performed experiments in male and […]
Migraine is a cyclic, neurosensory disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and altered sensory processing. The latter is manifested in hypersensitivity to visual stimuli, measured with questionnaires and sensory thresholds, as […]
Guidelines recommend consideration of modification, tapering, or discontinuation of long-term, full-agonist opioid therapy when harms outweigh benefits; one alternative to tapering or discontinuing full-agonist opioids for the management of chronic […]
The trigeminal vascular system is an important part of the anatomical and physiological basis of migraine. The effective connectivity (EC) among the regions of interest (ROIs) in the trigeminal vascular […]
Chronic pain is prevalent across the life span and associated with significant individual and societal costs. Behavioral interventions are recommended as the gold-standard, evidence-based interventions for chronic pain, but barriers, […]
The aim of the present study was to compare the analgesic effect of motor cortex stimulation using high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation and transcutaneous spinal […]
There is increasing evidence from human and animal studies that cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura and a trigger of migraine pain mechanisms. The mechanisms […]
Previous studies suggested a beneficial effect of natriuretic peptides in animal models of cardiovascular disease, but the role of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) […]
Eosinophils (Eos) reside in multiple organs during homeostasis and respond rapidly to an inflammatory challenge. Although Eos share chemical staining properties, they also demonstrate phenotypic and functional plasticity that is […]
Paclitaxel is an extensively used chemotherapy antitumor drug and paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is one of the most common side effect. Rapamycin, originally used as an adjuvant drug for chemotherapy, […]
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a debilitating skin disease characterized by intense pruritus and hyperkeratotic skin nodules. Nemolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 31 receptor α, is a promising novel therapy […]
Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7, encoded by the SCN9A gene, has been linked to diverse painful peripheral neuropathies, represented by the inherited erythromelalgia (EM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). The […]
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. Current research suggests that sEVs play a pivotal role […]
The premonitory phase, or prodrome, of migraine, provides valuable opportunities to study attack initiation and for treating the attack before headache starts. Much that has been learned about this phase […]
Pain is a common annoying non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) that causes distress to patients. Treatment for PD pain remains a big challenge, as its underlying mechanisms are elusive. […]
This review presents the existing literature of and a framework for how psychedelic drugs might be applied as therapeutic agents in episodic migraine.
Patients with comorbid chronic pain and mood disorders have more severe gastrointestinal disease and higher healthcare expenses than their peers. We sought to determine whether management under our innovative Collaborative […]
To evaluate the prevalence of clinical and ultrasound (grey-scale and Doppler) abnormalities in joints, periarticular structures and nails of children affected by skin psoriasis (PsO).
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines neuropathic pain as pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. It is characterized as a […]
Visual methods are becoming more evident in health research. Timeline drawings have been used as a participatory tool alongside interviews in life course research. In this article, we describe how […]
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Long-term analgesic effect of trans-spinal direct current stimulation compared to non-invasive motor cortex stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome, by Hodaj . (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcad191).
Primary sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons are diverse, with distinct populations that respond to specific stimuli. Previously, we observed that functionally distinct populations of DRG neurons express mRNA transcript […]
The phase 3 randomized PERSIST study demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of galcanezumab, a humanized anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody for prevention of episodic migraines. We present findings from […]
Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) are innovative therapies for migraine treatment. Although they are clinically effective, how anti-CGRP treatment reduces migraine attacks still remains unclear.
Intracranial hypotension due to cerebrospinal fluid leak is mainly the causal factor for the pathophysiology of postdural puncture headache (PDPH). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of […]
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common chronic pain conditions that cause both individual suffering and a burden to society. For these patients, several interventional treatment […]
We aimed to explore whether erenumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, could exert a central effect on brain network function in migraine, and investigate the persistence […]
Spinal mobilisation/manipulation is a common intervention for spinal pain, yet the working mechanisms are largely unknown. A randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted to (1) compare the immediate neuroimmune responses following […]
Deficiency of human adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2) is a complex systemic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by vasculopathy, immune dysregulation, and hematologic abnormalities. The most notable neurological manifestations of DADA2 are […]
Central sensitization is one of the important mechanisms underlying neuropathic and radicular pain due to cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Recent studies have shown that the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP-response […]
Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) effectively achieves high rates of pain control in trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, psychological factors can also impact how individuals perceive pain and respond to treatment. The […]
Primary headache syndromes such as migraine are among the most common neurological syndromes. Chronic facial pain syndromes of non-odontogenic cause are less well known to neurologists despite being highly disabling. […]
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is associated with delayed repair of the injured nerves in elderly patients, resulting in loss of nerve function, chronic pain, muscle atrophy, and permanent disability. Therefore, […]
The nocebo effect, such as nausea and vomiting, is one of the major reasons patients discontinue therapy. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown due to a lack of reliable experimental models. […]
Loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) and dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) are major pathological characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), the leading cause of low back pain. Excessive reactive […]
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that urges people and animals to scratch. Neuroimaging studies on itch have yielded extensive correlations with diverse cortical and subcortical regions, including the insular lobe. […]
Prognostic models for chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) aim to predict the likelihood for development and severity of CPSP in individual patients undergoing surgical procedures. Such models might provide valuable information […]
A majority of older patients suffer from neuropathic pain (NP) that significantly alters their daily activities and imposes a significant burden on health care. Multiple comorbidities and the risk ofpolypharmacy […]
During the onset of neuropathic pain from a variety of etiologies, nociceptors become hypersensitized, releasing neurotransmitters and other factors from centrally-projecting nerve terminals within the dorsal spinal cord. Consequently, glial […]
Due to its widespread prevalence, migraine is a common neurovascular condition that has a major impact on people’s health and quality of life. Rutaecarpine (RUT) is one of the main […]
To guide the treatment of malignant neuropathic pain (MNP) in clinical practice, by inoculating MADB-106 breast cancer cells into the right L4 nerve root in Sprague-Dawley rats, a rat model […]
Various definitions have been proposed for Refractory Disease in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis; however, none were generated for Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or involving adult and paediatric multidisciplinary healthcare professionals […]
Light is a powerful environmental factor influencing diverse brain functions. Clinical evidence supports the beneficial effect of light therapy on several diseases, including depression, cognitive dysfunction, chronic pain, and sleep […]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) have revolutionized the treatment of severe immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, […]
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major current cause of morbidity and mortality. Long-term exposure to short-acting opioids (MOP-r agonists such as heroin or fentanyl) results in complex pathophysiological changes […]
(N)-Methanocarba adenosine derivatives were structurally modified to target 5-HT serotonin receptors as antagonists, predominantly containing branched N-alkyl groups. N-Dicycloalkyl-methyl groups, including their asymmetric variations, as well as 2-iodo, were found […]
African Americans are disproportionately exposed to adversity across the lifespan, which includes both stressful and traumatic events. Adversity, in turn, is associated with alterations in pain responsiveness. Racial differences in […]
We investigated the effect of regular walking exercise prior to knee osteoarthritis (OA) on pain and synovitis in a rat monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced knee OA model. Seventy-one male Wistar rats […]
Morphine is amongst the most effective analgesics available for the management of severe pain. However, prolonged morphine treatment leads to analgesic tolerance which limits its clinical usage. Previous studies have […]
This study aimed to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with acupuncture could alleviate pain in patients suffering from postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by inhibiting NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) […]
Adults with chronic headache have altered brain hippocampal efficiency networks. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying chronic headache in youth. In total, 29 youth with chronic headache (10-18 years), and […]
The number of individuals suffering from severe chronic pain and its social and financial impact is staggering. Without significant advances in our understanding of how acute pain becomes chronic, effective […]
Numerous randomised controlled trials have evaluated the outcomes of internet-delivered psychological pain management programs (PMPs) as a way of increasing access to care for people with chronic pain. However, there […]
Previous studies have revealed that an antioxidant diet is a protective factor against migraine. However, the association between zinc, an important antioxidant obtained from the diet, and migraine has received […]
Fascial pathological pain is the main type of chronic pain in older adults today, and studying the relationship between fascia and pain can help in the clinical search for effective […]
This study aimed to investigate the association between long-term opioid use and the risk of dementia in patients with chronic pain.
To analyse the empathetic response of future health professionals toward people diagnosed with chronic pain differentiated by the degree of visibility and credibility of symptoms.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes a variety of musculoskeletal abnormalities. Musculoskeletal ultrasound in PsA is becoming increasingly popular, both in clinical practice and research. This […]
Chronic migraine (CM) is a chronic form of migraine that differs from episodic migraine (EM) in terms of prevalence, comorbidities, response to treatment, and biomarkers. The aim of this review […]
Headaches are common in children and adolescents. Treatments for debilitating migraine are often not FDA approved or lack evidence of efficacy for children. This narrative review looks at the evidence […]
Menthol-a natural organic compound-is widely used for relieving various pain conditions including migraine. However, a high dose of menthol reportedly decreases pain thresholds and enhances pain responses. Accordingly, in the […]
Dorsal interneurons (dIs) in the spinal cord encode the perception of touch, pain, heat, itch, and proprioception. While previous studies using genetic strategies in animal models have revealed important insights […]
The purpose of this study is to determine whether intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) intended to enhance voluntary motor output after spinal cord injury (SCI) modulates neural population-level spinal responsiveness to nociceptive […]
Chronic pain and sleep disturbance bidirectionally influence each other in a negative spiral. Although this academic knowledge is known by researchers, it is imperative to bridge it over to the […]
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is one of the most pressing public health problems of the past decade, with over eighty thousand overdose related deaths in 2021 alone. Digital technologies to […]
Platelet-rich plasma in the pathologic processes of tendinopathy: a review of basic science studies.
Tendinopathy is a medical condition that includes a spectrum of inflammatory and degenerative tendon changes caused by traumatic or overuse injuries. The pathological mechanism of tendinopathy has not been well […]
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic symptoms (>6 months) of abdominal pain in combination with a disturbed bowel habit. There is an association between the intensity of abdominal pain […]
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability. Prior studies have documented racial disparities in the clinical management of OA. The objective of this study was to […]
This study aims to investigate the effects of hydralazine on inflammation induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) in the central nervous system (CNS) and its mechanism in promoting the structural […]
Many people with spinal cord injury (SCI) develop chronic pain, including neuropathic pain. Unfortunately, current treatments for this condition are often inadequate because SCI-associated neuropathic pain is complex and depends […]
In the context of an ageing population, the demographic sands of trauma are shifting. Increasingly, trauma units are serving older adults who have sustained injuries in low-energy falls from a […]
Making chronic pain count: empirical support for the ICD-11 classification of chronic pain.
The purpose is to review the evidence that has been collected with regard to the new classification of chronic pain. In 2022, the World Health Assembly endorsed the 11th revision […]
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