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CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio are biomarkers of active neuroinflammation.

Defining the presence of acute and chronic brain inflammation remains a challenge to clinicians due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and aetiologies. However, defining the presence of neuroinflammation, and […]

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STING controls opioid-induced itch and chronic itch via spinal tank-binding kinase 1-dependent type I interferon response in mice.

Patients receiving epidural or intrathecal opioids administration for neuraxial analgesia frequently suffer from an irritating itch. STING (stimulator of interferon genes), an innate immune modulator, is strongly implicated in pain […]

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Long-lasting pain and somatosensory disturbances in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) is an autoantibody associated with acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) in childhood and adults. The pathogenic roles of MOG-Ab and long-term outcomes of children with MOG-Ab-associated […]

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Role of macrophage autophagy in postoperative pain and inflammation in mice.

Postoperative pain and inflammation are significant complications following surgery. Strategies that aim to prevent excessive inflammation without hampering natural wound-healing are required for the management of postoperative pain and inflammation. […]

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Increased Pyramidal and VIP Neuronal Excitability in Rat Primary Auditory Cortex Directly Correlates with Tinnitus Behavior.

Tinnitus affects roughly 15-20% of the population while severely impacting 10% of those afflicted. Tinnitus pathology is multifactorial, generally initiated by damage to the auditory periphery, resulting in a cascade […]

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Fractionated whole body γ-irradiation aggravates arthritic severity via boosting NLRP3 and RANKL expression in adjuvant-induced arthritis model: the mitigative potential of ebselen.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease associated with oxidative stress that causes excruciating pain, discomfort, and joint destruction. Ebselen (EB), a synthesized versatile organo-selenium compound, protects cells […]

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Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Is Related to Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common and non-lethal urological condition with painful symptoms. The complexity of CP/CPPS’s pathogenesis and lack of efficient etiological diagnosis results in incomplete […]

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Novel Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs) elicited by Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) evokes fast epidural Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAPs) that represent activity of dorsal column axons, but not necessarily a spinal circuit response. Using a multimodal approach, […]

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High intensity interval training attenuates osteoarthritis-associated hyperalgesia in rats.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a physical therapy that may benefit patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Cacna2d1 is a calcium channel subunit protein that plays an important role in the activity […]

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Enhancement of mesenchymal stem cells’ chondrogenic potential by type II collagen-based bioscaffolds.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative chronic disease accounting for physical pain, tissue stiffness and mobility restriction. Current therapeutic approaches fail to prevent the progression of the disease considering the […]

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