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The antidepressant drugs vortioxetine and duloxetine differentially and sex-dependently affect animal well-being, cognitive performance, cardiac redox status and histology in a model of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis represents a leading cause of disability with limited treatment options. Furthermore, it is frequently accompanied by cardiovascular and cognitive disorders, which can be exacerbated by osteoarthritis or drugs used […]

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Psoriatic arthritis: improvement in outcomes but persistent sex difference – 5-year follow-up study of a Norwegian outpatient clinic population.

This study aimed to explore long-term changes in disease activity and remission rates, and potential sex-related differences in these outcomes, in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients treated in an outpatient clinic.

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Sexual Dimorphism in the Mechanism of Pain Central Sensitization.

It has long been recognized that men and women have different degrees of susceptibility to chronic pain. Greater recognition of the sexual dimorphism in chronic pain has resulted in increasing […]

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Microglia and p38 MAPK Inhibitors Suppress Development of Mechanical Allodynia in Both Sexes in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain.

Microglia activation in the spinal cord play a major role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates microglia activation. Previously, 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), a nucleoside […]

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Focus on Fentanyl in Females: Sex and Gender Differences in the Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Fentanyl.

The prevalence of opioid use disorder and overdose continues to harm the U.S. population and is further exacerbated by the use of the synthetic opioid, fentanyl, and its analogs. Gender […]

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The impact of sleep disturbance on pain perception: A systematic review examining the moderating effect of sex and age.

Females have increased pain sensitivity and are more vulnerable to chronic pain conditions. Sleep disturbances are comorbid with chronic pain and exacerbate pain symptoms. Different types of sleep disturbance affect […]

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Resilience is associated with cortical gray matter of the antinociceptive pathway in people with chronic pain.

Resilience is an important personal characteristic that influences health and recovery. Previous studies of chronic pain suggest that highly resilient people may be more effective at modulating their pain. Since […]

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Sex-related exacerbation of injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in GAD67 haplodeficient mice.

Decreased GABA levels in injury-induced loss of spinal inhibition are still under intense interest and debate. Here, we show that GAD67 haplodeficient mice exhibited a prolonged injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in […]

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Sex-related correspondence between mechanical hypersensitivity and the discharge of medullary pain control neurons in neuropathic rats.

Here we studied whether the sex-related difference in mechanical hypersensitivity induced by neuropathy is associated with the discharge rate of medullary pain control neurons. We performed experiments in male and […]

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Sex differences in peripheral immune cell activation: Implications for pain and pain resolution.

Decades of research into chronic pain has deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms behind this process. However, a failure to consider the biological variable of sex has limited the […]

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