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Headache in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Migraine is a common condition affecting an estimated billion people across the world. The incidence in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders or intellectual disabilities like those seen in severe autism spectrum […]

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Hemicrania Continua: An Update.

Hemicrania Continua (HC) is a rare and disabling primary headache disorder that is characterized by persistent, unilateral headache with ipsilateral, cranial autonomic symptoms and restlessness or agitation. The diagnosis requires […]

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Beyond Macromolecules: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Inflammatory Diseases.

Inflammation is the defense mechanism of the immune system against harmful stimuli such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and is characterized by tissue redness, swelling, heat generation, […]

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Myenteric plexus immune cell infiltrations and neurotransmitter expression in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Pain is a cardinal symptom in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An important structure in the transduction of pain signalling is the myenteric plexus (MP). Nevertheless, IBD-associated infiltration of the MP […]

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The effect of lacosamide in peripheral neuropathic pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phenotype-stratified trial.

Neuropathic pain is common and difficult to treat. The sodium channel blocker lacosamide is efficacious in animal models of pain, but its effect on neuropathic pain in humans is inconclusive.

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Advances in the Acute and Preventive Treatment of Pediatric Migraine.

Headaches are common in children and adolescents. Treatments for debilitating migraine are often not FDA approved or lack evidence of efficacy for children. This narrative review looks at the evidence […]

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Toll-like Receptor 2-Melatonin Feedback Loop Regulates the Activation of Spinal NLRP3 Inflammasome in Morphine-Tolerant Rats.

Morphine is amongst the most effective analgesics available for the management of severe pain. However, prolonged morphine treatment leads to analgesic tolerance which limits its clinical usage. Previous studies have […]

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Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with acupuncture on NLRP3 inflammasome and protease levels in patients with neuropathic pain.

This study aimed to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with acupuncture could alleviate pain in patients suffering from postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by inhibiting NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) […]

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Increased hippocampal efficiency is associated with greater headache frequency in adolescents with chronic headache.

Adults with chronic headache have altered brain hippocampal efficiency networks. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying chronic headache in youth. In total, 29 youth with chronic headache (10-18 years), and […]

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Peripheral Neuroinflammation and Pain: How Acute Pain Becomes Chronic.

The number of individuals suffering from severe chronic pain and its social and financial impact is staggering. Without significant advances in our understanding of how acute pain becomes chronic, effective […]

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