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Ketamine is a multifunctional drug with clinical applications as an anesthetic, as a pain management medication and as a transformative fast-acting antidepressant. It is also abused as a recreational drug […]
Learn More >Affective disruptions, particularly deficits in positive affect, are characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM). The Dynamic Model of Affect (DMA) provides some explanation of affective disruptions in FM, suggesting that the inverse […]
Learn More >In today’s society, people are subjected to many social stressors, and excessive chronic stress causes functional disruption of the neuroendocrine system and many diseases. Although the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis […]
Learn More >There is increasing evidence that virtual reality (VR) is effective in the reduction of labour pain. The implementation of alternative methods like VR to reduce labour pain can contribute to […]
Learn More >Neuropathic pain is a common complication after spinal cord injury (SCI). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been confirmed to be effective in relieving neuropathic pain in patients with SCI. […]
Learn More >Endplate (EP) injury plays critical roles in painful IVD degeneration since Modic changes (MCs) are highly associated with pain. Models of EP microfracture that progress to painful conditions are needed […]
Learn More >Central sensitization has been widely accepted as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism of chronic migraine (CM), activation of cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) exerts antinociceptive effects by relieving central sensitization in many […]
Learn More >Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease characterized by chronic recurring eczema and pruritus. In addition, AD patients display increased cutaneous and systemic levels of oxidative damage markers, whose source […]
Learn More >Myofascial pain syndrome（MPS）is a common chronic pain disorder characterized by muscle hardness, low extensibility, restriction of range of motion (ROM) and pain with trigger point (TP). Eccentric contraction has been used […]
Learn More >The paucity of medications with novel mechanisms for pain treatment combined with the severe adverse effects of opioid analgesics has led to an imperative pursuit of non-opioid analgesia and a […]
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