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Characteristic analysis of adverse reactions of five anti-TNFɑ agents: a descriptive analysis from WHO-VigiAccess.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) have revolutionized the treatment of severe immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, […]

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Neuroimmune mechanisms of opioid use disorder and recovery: Translatability to human studies, and future research directions.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major current cause of morbidity and mortality. Long-term exposure to short-acting opioids (MOP-r agonists such as heroin or fentanyl) results in complex pathophysiological changes […]

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Structure activity relationships of 5-HT and 5-HT serotonin receptor antagonists: N, C2 and 5′-Modified (N)-methanocarba-adenosine derivatives.

(N)-Methanocarba adenosine derivatives were structurally modified to target 5-HT serotonin receptors as antagonists, predominantly containing branched N-alkyl groups. N-Dicycloalkyl-methyl groups, including their asymmetric variations, as well as 2-iodo, were found […]

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Current aspects of small extracellular vesicles in pain process and relief.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. Current research suggests that sEVs play a pivotal role […]

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Mechanisms of initiation of cortical spreading depression.

There is increasing evidence from human and animal studies that cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura and a trigger of migraine pain mechanisms. The mechanisms […]

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The Anterior Insula and its Projection to the Prelimbic Cortex are Involved in the Regulation of 5-HT-Induced Itch.

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that urges people and animals to scratch. Neuroimaging studies on itch have yielded extensive correlations with diverse cortical and subcortical regions, including the insular lobe. […]

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NPRC deletion mitigated atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ApoE knockout mice.

Previous studies suggested a beneficial effect of natriuretic peptides in animal models of cardiovascular disease, but the role of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) […]

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Eosinophil Phenotypes are Functionally Regulated by Resolvin D2 During Allergic Lung Inflammation.

Eosinophils (Eos) reside in multiple organs during homeostasis and respond rapidly to an inflammatory challenge. Although Eos share chemical staining properties, they also demonstrate phenotypic and functional plasticity that is […]

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Galcanezumab treatment changes visual related EEG connectivity patterns in migraine patients.

Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) are innovative therapies for migraine treatment. Although they are clinically effective, how anti-CGRP treatment reduces migraine attacks still remains unclear.

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The clinically-approved compounds, pramipexole and dexpramipexole, reverse chronic allodynia from sciatic nerve damage in mice, and alter IL-1β and IL-10 expression from immune cell culture.

During the onset of neuropathic pain from a variety of etiologies, nociceptors become hypersensitized, releasing neurotransmitters and other factors from centrally-projecting nerve terminals within the dorsal spinal cord. Consequently, glial […]

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