Rejected

The genus (Asteraceae) comprises about 80 species, amongst them L. It is a wild plant growing in Egypt that possesses many traditional uses as a headache, colic, and chest cold remedy. In our study, the chemical composition of . essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS spectroscopy. Sixteen components of leave and stem oils and thirteen components of flower oils were characterized. The main components in both essential oil parts were camphor (88.79% and 86.45%) and -thujone (5.14% and 10.40%) in the leaves and stems and the flowers, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oils in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was evaluated. The flower oil showed its predominant effect in the amelioration of proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as cyclooxygenase-2. The bornyl acetate showed the highest affinity for the cyclooxygenase-2 receptor, while compound –menth-2-ene-1-ol had the best affinity for the tumor necrosis factor receptor, according to the results of molecular docking. In addition, the molecule –farnesene showed promising dual affinity for both studied receptors. Our findings show that essential oils from . have anti-inflammatory properties through their control over the generation of inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that . essential oils could lead to the discovery of novel sources of anti-inflammatory treatments.

Autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory processes are mainly governed by the central nervous system, with brainstem nuclei as relay centers for these crucial functions. Yet, the structural connectivity of brainstem nuclei in living humans remains understudied. These tiny structures are difficult to locate using conventional in vivo MRI, and ex vivo brainstem nuclei atlases lack precise and automatic transformability to in vivo images. To fill this gap, we mapped our recently developed probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas developed in living humans to high-spatial resolution (1.7 mm isotropic) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 7 Tesla in 20 healthy participants. To demonstrate clinical translatability, we also acquired 3 Tesla DWI with conventional resolution (2.5 mm isotropic) in the same participants. Results showed the structural connectome of 15 autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory (including vestibular) brainstem nuclei/nuclei complex (superior/inferior colliculi, ventral tegmental area-parabrachial pigmented, microcellular tegmental-parabigeminal, lateral/medial parabrachial, vestibular, superior olivary, superior/inferior medullary reticular formation, viscerosensory motor, raphe magnus/pallidus/obscurus, parvicellular reticular nucleus-alpha part), derived from probabilistic tractography computation. Through graph measure analysis, we identified network hubs and demonstrated high intercommunity communication in these nuclei. We found good (r = .5) translational capability of the 7 Tesla connectome to clinical (i.e., 3 Tesla) datasets. Furthermore, we validated the structural connectome by building diagrams of autonomic/pain/limbic connectivity, vestibular connectivity, and their interactions, and by inspecting the presence of specific links based on human and animal literature. These findings offer a baseline for studies of these brainstem nuclei and their functions in health and disease, including autonomic dysfunction, chronic pain, psychiatric, and vestibular disorders.

Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) often require opioids for pain control. The goal of our study was to characterize opioid use in patients with CP in a real-life practice using a state-mandated online monitoring program and to assess outcomes compared to CP patients without opioid dependency.

Migraine is a complex neurologic disorder by which several systems of the central nervous system (autonomous system, affective, cognitive, sensory and motor system) may be affected on different levels. About a fourth of migraine patients have migraine auras. The most common aura is the visual aura followed by the sensorial aura but motor deficits, as well as deficits of higher cortical centers (disorders of thinking, orientation, coherence, or concentration), may occur as well. In analogy with a headache diary, an aura diary can deliver important help in the diagnostic process of rare migraine manifestations and prevent the under-diagnosis of unusual migraine manifestations. Complex migraine manifestations are a diagnosis of exclusion, and a broad diagnostic work-up is necessary in order to exclude dangerous neurologic pathologies. In addition, here, we discuss the atypical clinical presentation and possible physio-pathogenetic related aspects of these atypical migraine aura features in the developmental age. In addition, we wanted to stress and analyze the clinical aspects of our children/adolescents with atypical auras, which seem to be more difficult to frame with the mechanisms originally proposed to explain the physio-pathogenetic relationship between CSD and aura. Finally, we discuss in detail the complex aspects of this topic on the basis of available data and propose new terminology: "".

A scoping review was performed to examine the extent and nature of research activity on kinesiophobia and fear avoidance in older adults and summarize research findings. Four databases were searched from January 2006 to May 2021. Eleven papers were selected for inclusion, with a predominance of cross-sectional design (54.5%; n = 6). Most of the studies were associated with chronic pain (n = 9; 81.8%). Higher levels of kinesiophobia were found among frailer and older people, predominantly living in care homes. Kinesiophobia and fear avoidance have been related to other constructs of the fear avoidance model, and the conclusions partially support the assumptions derived from it in older adults. Nevertheless, kinesiophobia proved to be a more dominant factor in determining the level of physical activity than pain in this population. None of the studies aimed to test the effectiveness of interventions directly targeting kinesiophobia or fear avoidance.

Local anesthetics (LAs) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammatory down-regulation is crucial in diseases with overactive immune reactions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic inflammation. We investigated the influence of four LAs, procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine, on the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human leucocytes.

The aim of this study was to compare structural changes of corpus callosum (CC), which is the largest collection of white matter in the brain, among migraineurs and healthy controls (HC). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) method which provides information about microscopic organization of the cell, especially white matter was used for this purpose. Fifty-one patients who were diagnosed with migraine and 44 age- and sex-matched HC were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were noted. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of CC genu, splenium, and body were performed for all participants. A significant difference was determined between migraine patients and HC regarding the FA values in the genu of CC (p < 0.001). When the clinical data of migraine patients and FA values in the genu of CC were analyzed via linear regression analysis, no significant finding was detected (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it can be suggested that there are microstructural changes in the CC of migraneurs; however, the clinical variable associated with this structural deterioration could not be determined.

Fourteen months after the implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter, a six-year-old boy developed recurrent, severe headaches and vomiting every three weeks. The attacks were of such severity that hospitalizations for analgesic and antiemetic therapies and intravenous rehydration and electrolyte substitution were repeatedly required. The patient was asymptomatic between the attacks. After an extensive diagnostic workup-including repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurosurgical examinations-common differential diagnoses, including shunt overdrainage, were ruled out. The patient was transferred to a specialized pediatric pain clinic with suspected cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). Despite intensive and in part experimental prophylactic and abortive pharmacological treatment, there was no improvement in his symptoms. Consecutive MRI studies reinvestigating the initially excluded shunt overdrainage indicated an overdrainage syndrome. Subsequently, the symptoms disappeared after disconnecting the shunt catheter. This case report shows that even if a patient meets CVS case definitions, other differential diagnoses must be carefully reconsidered to avoid fixation error.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous molecules that exerts effective antinociceptive and resolutive actions. However, because of their rapid metabolism by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EETs are unable to remain bioavailable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether local sEH inhibition could prevent inflammatory hyperalgesia in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. For that, rats were pre-treated with an intra-TMJ injection of TPPU, followed by the noxious stimulus (1.5% of formalin intra-articular) to evaluate nociceptive behavior. Histological analysis was conducted to explore the inflammatory exudate and mast cell degranulation. Periarticular tissue over the TMJ was used to measure inflammatory lipids and cytokines/chemokine by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that peripheral pretreatment with TPPU prevents formalin-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in the TMJ, and this effect is strictly local. Moreover, TPPU mitigates the leukocyte exudate in the TMJ, as well as inflammatory lipids mediators. Mast cell number and degranulation were abrogated by TPPU, and the inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased by TPPU. On the other hand, TPPU up-regulated the release of interleukin 10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We provide evidence that locally sEH by intra-TMJ injection of TPPU produces an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect on rats' TMJ.