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The understanding of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has evolved over the past few years. Previously, IIH was considered a disease exclusively affecting the neuro-ophthalmic axis, characterized by raised intracranial pressure, […]
Chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) remains an intractable problem with few effective treatment options. New approaches are needed to model the disease biology and to drive discovery of therapeutics. […]
Conventional microdiscectomy treatment for intervertebral disc herniation alleviates pain but does not repair the annulus fibrosus, resulting in a high incidence of recurrent herniation and persistent dysfunction. The lack of […]
Peripheral sensitization is one of the primary mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic pain. However, candidate molecules involved in peripheral sensitization remain incompletely understood. We have shown that store-operated calcium […]
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting quality of life, with no disease-modifying therapy. During aging and spinal degeneration, the balance between the normal endplate […]
Paclitaxel leads to peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy [PIPN]) in approximately 50% of cancer patients. At present, there are no effective treatment strategies for PIPN, the mechanisms of which also […]
Primary biliary cholangitis is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by the destruction of interlobular bile ducts, leading to cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Whether elafibranor, an oral, dual peroxisome […]
Both autonomic nervous system dysfunction and immune system activation are characteristic of chronic pain after limb injuries. Cholinergic agonists reduce immune system activation in many settings. We hypothesized, therefore, that […]
Chronic pain is driven by factors across the biopsychosocial spectrum. Previously, we demonstrated MRI-based brain-predicted age differences (brain-PAD: brain predicted age minus chronological age) to be significantly associated with pain […]
Neuromodulation therapies use a variety of treatment modalities (eg, electrical stimulation) to treat chronic pain. These therapies have experienced rapid growth that has coincided with escalating confusion regarding the nomenclature […]
Despite the crucial role of effective and sustained extinction of conditioned pain-related fear in cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches for chronic pain, experimental research on extinction memory retrieval in chronic pain remains […]
An enhanced understanding of neurotransmitter systems contributing to pain transmission aids in drug development, while the identification of biological variables like age and sex helps in the development of personalized […]
Excessive alcohol consumption in adolescence can disrupt neural development and may augment pain perception. Recent studies have shown that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is involved in mediating pain sensitivity […]
Opioid-dependent immune-mediated analgesic effects have been broadly reported upon inflammation. In preclinical mouse models of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the local release of enkephalins (endogenous opioids) by colitogenic T lymphocytes alleviate […]
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to examine inhibitory and facilitatory circuits during experimental pain and in chronic pain populations. However, current applications of TMS to pain have been […]
Chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) frequently coincides with depression among patients. The onset and development of pain and depression are associated with altered neural synaptic plasticity. Electroacupuncture (EA) can effectively relieve […]
Gabapentin, a selective ligand for the α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and other neurological conditions. We recently […]
Several studies have applied resting-state functional MRI to examine whether functional brain connectivity is altered in migraine with aura patients. These studies had multiple limitations, including small sample sizes, and […]
This study aimed to determine the number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood of being helped or harmed (LHH) in a post hoc analysis of […]
The heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (Hsc70) is a stress‑inducible ATPase that can protect cells against harmful stimuli. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a well‑documented nociceptor. Notably, Hsc70 […]
Expert consensus asserts that early treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) leads to better outcomes. Yet no evidence supports this assumption regarding the recognized gold standard of multidisciplinary functional […]
Opioids are widely used in the treatment of moderate and severe pain. Nociceptive stimulation has been reported to potentially promote microglial activation and neuroinflammation, which also causes chronic pain sensitization. […]
Premature infants are inevitably exposed to painful events, including repetitive procedures, inflammation, or mixed stimulation that may induce long-term behavioral outcomes. Here, we set up three neonatal painful models to […]
Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead […]
This study aimed to evaluate the optimal frequency of dexamethasone (DEX) administration and the efficacy of DEX with aggressive warming in total hip arthroplasty (THA), which remains unclear. A total […]
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Despite the availability of various treatment options, FM remains a challenging condition to manage. In […]
U.S. military veterans experience higher pain prevalence than nonveterans. However, it is unclear how the disparities in pain prevalence have changed over time because previous trend studies are limited to […]
Chronic pain (CP) and mental illness (MI) are leading causes of years lived with disability and commonly co-occur. However, it remains unclear if available interventions are effective in improving pain […]
This study explored the association between experimentally induced pain sensitivity and µ-opioid receptor (μOR) availability in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and further investigated any changes in the pain and […]
The CXCR2 chemokine receptor is known to have a significant impact on the initiation and control of inflammatory processes. However, its specific involvement in the sensation of itch is not […]
Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been known as one of the contributing factors in nociceptive sensitization after peripheral injury. Its activation followed by the phosphorylation of downstream […]
Resident macrophages from dorsal root ganglia are important for the development of traumatic-induced neuropathic pain. In the first 5-7 days after a traumatic sciatic nerve injury (i.e., spinal nerve ligation […]
Satellite glial cells (SGCs), enveloping primary sensory neurons’ somas in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), contribute to neuropathic pain upon nerve injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) serves as an […]
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a multifactorial syndrome, mainly characterized by chronic widespread pain, whose physiopathology is yet to be determined. Reliable biomarkers for FM and how they are associated with the […]
Women are disproportionately affected by migraine, representing up to 75% of all migraine cases. This discrepancy has been proposed to be influenced by differences in hormone levels between the sexes. […]
The MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4) is poorly investigated. MRGPRX4 has been proposed to be involved in pain transmission, itch, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. However, so far only […]
Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the signaling pathways of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab has been […]
The tachykinin hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is involved in immunological processes, inflammation, and pain. Although the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is described as its main target, several effects are mediated by currently […]
Despite successfully utilizing anesthetics for over 150 years, the mechanism of action remains relatively unknown. Recent studies have shown promising results, but due to the complex interactions between anesthetics and […]
Chronic orofacial pain (COP) therapy is challenging, as current medical treatments are extremely lacking. Moutan Cortex (MC) is a traditional Chinese medicine herb widely used for chronic inflammatory diseases. However, […]
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid used for managing chronic pain. Due to its higher potency (50-100×) than morphine, fentanyl is also an abused drug. A sensor that could detect illicit […]
We examined the impact of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC)-facilitated empagliflozin (EMPA) therapy for alleviating hyperglycemic induced neuropathy [i.e., diabetic neuropathy (DN)].
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a painful, dose-limiting adverse effect of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirogabalin […]
GPR34 is a rhodopsin-like class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is involved in the development and progression of several diseases. Despite its importance, effective targeting strategies are lacking. We herein […]
As one of the commonly used therapies for pain-related diseases in clinical practice, electroacupuncture (EA) has been proven to be effective. In chronic pain, neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex […]
Due to its apparent efficacy and safety, dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and Interleukin 13 (IL-13), has been approved for treating T-helper 2 (Th2) disorders. However, […]
Chronic pain is a significant global socioeconomic burden with limited long-term treatment options. The intractable nature of chronic pain stems from two primary factors: the multifaceted nature of pain itself […]
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of pain and disability in the elderly. Synovitis, cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation histologically manifest OA. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective […]
Migraine is a prevalent disabling condition often associated with comorbid physical and psychological symptoms that contribute to impaired quality of life and disability. Studies suggest that increasing dietary omega-3 fatty […]
myoActivation® assessment utilizes systemized movement tests to assess for pain and limitations in motion secondary to myofascial dysfunction. myoActivation needling therapy resolves the myofascial components of pain and is associated […]
Pain is an unpleasant experience that we will all experience in some form over the course of our lives, with chronic pain affecting a significant proportion of the global population. […]
Persistent inflammation and associated pain significantly impact individuals’ quality of life, posing substantial healthcare challenges. Proinflammatory cytokines, released by activated macrophages, play crucial roles in the development of chronic inflammatory […]
Current treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases does not give sufficient results despite the implementation of novel drugs and techniques in orthopaedics and physical therapy. For instance, osteoporosis treatment is currently […]
The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) is a member of the European Brain Council (EBC), a coalition of neurologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, neuroscientists, patient organizations and industry with an interest in […]
Pain that persists beyond the time required for tissue healing and pain that arises in the absence of tissue injury are poorly understood phenomena mediated by plasticity within the central […]
Both enhanced motion-induced nausea and increased static imbalance are observed symptoms in migraine and especially vestibular migraine (VM). Motion-induced nausea and static imbalance were investigated in a mouse model, nestin/hRAMP1, […]
The locus coeruleus (LC) plays a paradoxical role in chronic pain. Although largely known as a potent source of endogenous analgesia, increasing evidence suggests injury can transform the LC into […]
Aberrant cognitive network activity and cognitive deficits are established features of chronic pain. However, the nature of cognitive network alterations associated with chronic pain and their underlying mechanisms require elucidation. […]
Activity-induced muscle pain increases release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in muscle macrophages and the development of pain is prevented by blockade of IL-1β. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released from […]
Pain is closely associated with the immune system, which exhibits sexual dimorphism. For these reasons, neuro-immune interactions are suggested to drive sex differences in pain pathophysiology. However, our understanding of […]
Splicing is a post-transcriptional RNA processing mechanism that enhances genomic complexity by creating multiple isoforms from the same gene. Diversity in splicing in the mammalian nervous system is associated with […]
COVID-19 can result in neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness, and nausea. We evaluated whether the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, olcegepant, used in migraine treatment could mitigate […]