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Kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists are known for having opposite and/or different effects compared with Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. This study is aimed at clarifying the analgesic effect and tolerance of […]
Learn More >Chronic pain affects millions of people worldwide and new treatments are needed urgently. One way to identify novel analgesic strategies is to understand the biological dysfunctions that lead to human […]
Learn More >Diabetic neuropathy (DN) causes neuropathic pain, and current treatments are unsatisfactory. Recently studies have demonstrated an assertive correlation between gut microbiota and pain modulation.
Learn More >Characterization of upadacitinib use and switching from dupilumab to upadacitinib among patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is needed.
Learn More >Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic condition characterized by pain and infiltration of immune cells into the joint. Immune cells can be activated, producing inflammatory cytokines, leading to continuously degenerative […]
Learn More >Migraine is a highly disabling health burden with multiple symptoms; however, it remains undertreated because of an inadequate understanding of its neural mechanisms. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated to […]
Learn More >Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), structurally related to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), is one of the important mediators in the pathogenesis of migraine and is known to dilate cranial arteries […]
Learn More >Remifentanil is a potent ultra-short acting μ-opioid analgesic drug, frequently used in anaesthesia due to its favorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. It may be associated with the occurrence of hyperalgesia. […]
Learn More >In real-world studies, it is unclear whether galcanezumab has a significant effect in the first week after administration.
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Perspectives on the pharmacological management of complex regional pain syndrome.
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that is notoriously difficult to treat. Therapies for CRPS include cognitive behavioral, physical, and occupational therapy, single or multidrug pharmacotherapy, […]
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