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Pain in Parkinson disease: mechanistic substrates, main classification systems, and how to make sense out of them.

Parkinson disease (PD) affects up to 2% of the general population older than 65 years and is a major cause of functional loss. Chronic pain is a common nonmotor symptom […]

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Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that establish the gateway of immune cells to regulate tissue specific inflammation.

Tissue-specific inflammatory diseases are regulated by several mechanisms. The gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier are two mechanisms involved in diseases that depend on the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The gateway reflex […]

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Two-year, real-world erenumab persistence and quality of life data in 82 pooled patients with abrupt onset, unremitting, treatment refractory headache and a migraine phenotype: New daily persistent headache or persistent post-traumatic headache in the majority of cases.

Patients diagnosed with New Daily Persistent Headache and Persistent Post-Traumatic Headache belong to a heterogeneous group of primary and secondary headache disorders, with the common clinical feature that these conditions […]

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Psychiatric morbidity is common among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – a national matched cohort study.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic rheumatic disease causing joint inflammation and pain. Previous studies have indicated affected mental health and increased risk of psychiatric conditions among patients with […]

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Migraine attacks triggered by ingestion of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A source of citrulline activating the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway.

Ingesting some foods can trigger headache attacks in migraine patients. Diet-sourced citrulline activates the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway, acting on the pathophysiology of migraine.

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Arterial spin labeling MRI applied to migraine: current insights and future perspectives.

Advanced neuroimaging techniques have extensively contributed to elucidate the complex mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of migraine, a neurovascular disorder characterized by episodes of headache associated with a constellation of non-pain […]

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Long-term Effectiveness and Safety of Upadacitinib for Atopic Dermatitis in a Real-world Setting: An Interim Analysis Through 48 Weeks of Observation.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, including upadacitinib, have been recently approved for the treatment of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and real-world data on upadacitinib effectiveness and safety are limited. This interim […]

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Effect of Intravenous Golimumab on Fatigue and the Relationship with Clinical Response in Adults with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Phase 3 GO-ALIVE Study.

We studied the effect of intravenous (IV)-golimumab on fatigue and the association of fatigue improvement with clinical response post hoc in adults with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the GO-ALIVE […]

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BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway-mediated microglial activation induces neuronal KCC2 downregulation contributing to dynamic allodynia following spared nerve injury.

Mechanical allodynia can be evoked by punctate pressure contact with the skin (punctate mechanical allodynia) and dynamic contact stimulation induced by gentle touching of the skin (dynamic mechanical allodynia). Dynamic […]

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Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on its Pharmacology, Abuse and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments

Oxycodone, a semi-synthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid, has been available for over 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used therapeutically due to the occurrence of convulsions […]

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