Rejected

Processed aconite root (PA), the root of Aconitum carmichaeli (Ranunculaceae), is a crude drug used in traditional Chinese or Japanese kampo medicine to treat pain associated with coldness. In our previous study, PA and its active ingredient, neoline, alleviated oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological condition that involves the acute onset of headache, confusion, optical impairments, and seizures with accompanying vasogenic edema on brain imaging. PRES is a complex disorder with many causative factors, including underlying conditions such as hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, collagen disease, and severe infection. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism is not completely understood and remains controversial, the predominant proposed mechanism is endothelial dysfunction, which is preceded by hypertension, immunosuppressive agents, or cytotoxic medication. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facilitates prompt diagnosis and treatment and leads to good outcomes. Findings are characterized by the following: hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, and isointensity on diffusion weighted images involving the parieto-occipital or posterior frontal cortical-subcortical regions that are recognized in >90% of patients, and reversibility of neuroimaging abnormalities, with the latter being the most important. As an algorithm to standardize the diagnosis of PRES has not yet been developed, this review presents a diagnostic algorithm based on the types of MRI findings. This algorithm may provide a better understanding of the characteristics that compose PRES and bring us one step closer to the standardization of PRES diagnosis, helping clinicians evaluate individual features while also considering competing differential diagnoses.

Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) is characterized by a prolonged motor aura that accompanies a migraine attack, and its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Functional image during the event can help to explore the mechanism.

Compared with traditional open surgery, laparoscopic surgery is preferred due to the advantages of less trauma, less pain, and faster recovery. Nevertheless, many patients still suffer from postoperative pain resulting from the surgical incision and associated tissue injury. Many researchers have reported methods to improve postoperative pain control, but there is not a simple and effective method that can be clinically adopted in a widespread manner. We designed this study to prove the hypothesis that application of ropivacaine in the port site and operative site in patients is an effective and convenient method which can decrease postoperative pain and accelerate recovery.

Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency, abdominal pain and diarrhea. It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is a common functional bowel disease. Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation. There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes. By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals, metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers, analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body. Thus, the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective. This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.

Subarachnoid haemorrhages (SAH) are acute life-threatening events that are frequently misdiagnosed. 4% of patients with SAH do not have the typical acute intense headaches, but present with other symptoms. Misdiagnosis leads to treatment delays and, consequently, higher morbidity and mortality. We describe two patients with atypical symptoms after SAH and delay in diagnosis. The first patient came to the emergency room with cervical, back and radicular pain that spread to both legs. An acute headache had started 11 days earlier. Physical examination showed signs of meningeal irritation. A cerebral CT scan revealed a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The second patient came to the outpatient clinic with pain in his lower back, apathy, apraxia and unsteady gait after an acute headache had started nine days before. When the patient visited our outpatient clinic, the headache had disappeared. A cerebral CT scan nevertheless revealed a subarachnoid haemorrhage. When diagnosing SAH, it is important not to miss the acute headache in the history, even though this headache may no longer be present at the time of presentation.

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are known to be valuable targets for therapeutic intervention; yet the development of PPI modulators as next-generation drugs to target specific vertices, edges, and hubs has been impeded by the lack of structural information of many of the proteins and complexes involved. Building on recent advancements in cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), we describe an effective approach to obtain relevant structural data on R7BP, a master regulator of itch sensation, and its interfaces with other proteins in its network. This approach integrates XL-MS with a variety of modeling techniques to successfully develop antibody inhibitors of the R7BP and RGS7/Gβ5 duplex interaction. Binding and inhibitory efficiency are studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and through an R7BP-derived dominant negative construct. This approach may have broader applications as a tool to facilitate the development of PPI modulators in the absence of crystal structures or when structural information is limited.

Parathyroid hyperactivity is the state of over-production and PTH secretion [1]. The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyriod adenoma – about 80% of cases, the remaining are parathyroid hyperplasia around 15%cases [2] [3], and in 1-5% of cases, cancer [2] [3] [4] [5]. The disease is diagnosed inabout 40 people in 100,000 [5] [6] [3] [7]. The most common cause of adenoma is the mutation in gene MEN 1. Less than 5% of cases are chronichyperparathyroidism, which is a component of the MEN 1 MEN 2a endocrine adenocarcinoma syndrome [1]. Excess PTH in the body leads to increased mobilization of calcium from the bones, and henceincreased osteolysis, what also increases the absorption of calcium from thedigestive system, as well as an increased amount of phosphate excretion in the urine. Clinical picture of the disease is multiform and often runs in a latent form. Most often the diseaseoccurs in the form of osteoporosis, chronic recurrent kidney stones, and is also commonpyelonephritis on the basis of urolithiasis. The disease may be accompanied by: dysphagia, abdominal pain, metallic taste in the mouth, persistent constipation. In addition, from the systemnervous: dizziness and headaches, disturbances of consciousness. Arrhythmia the form of additional contractions and paroxysmal tachycardia. Osteolysis, osteoporosis and pathological fractures [1]. The purpose of this article is to bring closer to the reader case of 33 years old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism on the adenoma.

The increased use of opioids has resulted in an unprecedented opioid epidemic. Chronic opioid use causes hypogonadism, but its frequency, as well as the effects of opioids on other hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormone axes, remains unclear.

The increased use of opioids has resulted in an unprecedented opioid epidemic. Chronic opioid use causes hypogonadism, but its frequency, as well as the effects of opioids on other hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormone axes, remains unclear.