Rejected

To review the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of topical ruxolitinib for treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo.

Although several studies have investigated effective treatments for masticatory muscle pain (MMP), no unified conclusion has been drawn regarding the effectiveness of these treatments.

Primary pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma (PPHL) is an extremely rare condition. Its clinicopathological characteristics remain unclear because of the limited number of patients with PPHL. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of PPHL. We reviewed the electronic medical records and pathology slides of our 10 PPHL patients. The female-to-male ratio was 6:4, and the mean age was 41 years. Although three patients had no symptoms, seven had localized or generalized symptoms, including cough, sputum, chest discomfort/pain, and weight loss. Some cases had not been diagnosed as PPHL in the initial needle biopsy. Four patients underwent surgical resection. With chemotherapy, eight patients achieved complete remission. We also conducted a thorough literature review on 105 previously reported PPHL cases. Among a total of 115 PPHL cases, the most common subtype was nodular sclerosis (37.4%). More than half of the cases (55%) were clinically suspected as infectious pneumonia. Of 61 patients whose biopsies were available, 27 (44.3%) were diagnosed correctly as Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas the misdiagnoses included tuberculosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, solitary fibrous tumor, and adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated that PPHL represents a diagnostic challenge on small biopsies. Recognizing that this rare tumor can mimic infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as malignancies is important because the accurate diagnosis of PPHL is essential for adequate clinical management.

Rheumatoid arthritis patients usually suffer from arthritic chronic pain. However, due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying autoimmune disorders, the management of arthritic pain is unsatisfactory. Here, we investigated the analgesic effect and underlying mechanism of the natural flavonoid naringenin (NAR) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) pain.

Propfol-remifentanil-based total intravenous anaesthesia has dominated recent clinical practice due to its favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Interruption in remifentanil supply has presented an opportunity to diversify or even avoid the use of opioids and consider adjuncts to propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia. Propofol, while a potent hypnotic, is not an effective analgesic. The administration of opioids, along with other adjuncts such as α-2 adrenoceptor agonists, magnesium, lidocaine, ketamine and nitrous oxide provide surgical anaesthesia and avoids large doses of propofol being required. We provide an overview of both target-control and manual infusion regimes for the alternative opioids: alfentanil, sufentanil and fentanyl. The optimal combination of hypnotic-opioid dose, titration sequence and anticipated additional postoperative analgesia required depend on the chosen combination. In addition, we include a brief discussion on the role of non-opioid adjuncts in total intravenous anaesthesia, suggested doses and expected reduction in propofol dose.

Activated microglia are involved in secondary injury after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and in development of spinal cord-related neuropathic pain (NeP). The aim of the study was to assess expression of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) as an indicator of microglial activation and to investigate visualization of the dynamics of activated microglia in the injured spinal cord using PET imaging with -[C]PK11195, a specific ligand for TSPO. In SCI chimeric animal models, TSPO was expressed mainly in activated microglia. Accumulation of -[H]PK11195 was confirmed in autoradiography and its dynamics in the injured spinal cord were visualized by -[C]PK11195 PET imaging in the acute phase after SCI. In clinical application of -[C]PK11195 PET/MRI of the cervical spinal cord in patients with NeP related to cervical disorders, uptake was found in cases up to 10 months after injury or surgery. No uptake could be visualized in the injured spinal cord in patients with chronic NeP at more than 1 year after injury or surgery, regardless of the degree of NeP. However, a positive correlation was found between standardized uptake value ratio and the severity of NeP, suggesting the potential of clinical application for objective evaluation of chronic NeP.

In cerebrovascular accidents symptoms, laboratory results and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes can mimic acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is subsumed as neurogenic stunned myocardium. So far, data regarding the frequency of cerebrovascular accidents misdiagnosed for ACS in a prehospital setting are missing. This study aims to quantify misdiagnoses and discover discriminating features.

Rosacea is a common skin disease that affects about 5% of the general population. Its symptoms include telangiectasia, persistent erythema, burning/stinging sensation, dry skin sensation, and pruritus. It is characterized by a chronic course with frequent exacerbation. It often coexists with anxiety and depression, reducing the quality of life of affected patients. The etiopathogenesis of rosacea is complex and not fully elucidated; hence, there is no causative effective treatment. In this review, we highlight the role of a cosmetologist in the treatment of rosacea and the maintenance of remission. As part of medical treatment, patients are advised to introduce lifestyle changes and use proper skin care; a cosmetologist can help educate patients affected with rosacea, create effective home care programs for skin care, and support them with treatments in beauty salons. Proper skin care is essential, including the use of dermocosmetics, cleansing of the skin, and frequent visits to beauty salons for tailored apparatus procedures. A cosmetologist is more accessible to patients and can help implement healthy daily habits, including skin care and eating habits, as well as support and mediate good communication between the patient and the patient's treating physician, thereby improving compliance and ensuring long-term satisfactory outcomes.

Amyloid-β-related angiitis (ABRA) is a rare complication of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, characterized by amyloid-β deposition in the leptomeningeal and cortical vessels with associated angiodestructive granulomatous inflammation. The clinical presentation is variable, including subacute cognitive decline, behavioural changes, headaches, seizures and focal neurological deficits, which may mimic other conditions. Here, we present a case with fatal thrombolysis-related haemorrhage associated with ABRA in a middle-aged patient.