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Disease applications of spinal cord stimulation: Chronic nonmalignant pain.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition representing a significant burden for society. It is estimated 1 out of 10 people over the age of 30 that in the US have […]

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Factors Predicting Clinically Relevant Pain Relief After Spinal Cord Stimulation for Patients With Chronic Low Back and/or Leg Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

To optimize results with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or leg pain, including persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS), careful patient selection based on proved predictive […]

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Current Waveforms in Spinal Cord Stimulation and Their Impact on the Future of Neuromodulation: A Scoping Review.

Neuromodulation is a standard and well-accepted treatment for chronic refractory neuropathic pain. There has been progressive innovation in the field over the last decade, particularly in areas of spinal cord […]

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Epidural administration of large dose of opioid μ receptor agonist may impair cardiac functions and myocardial viability via desensitizing transient receptor potential vanilloid 1.

The incidence of postoperative myocardial injury remains high as the underlying pathogenesis is still unknown. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and its […]

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Caffeine and naloxone treated mesenchymal stem cells improve symptoms and reduce inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) causes ulcers in the colon and rectum, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding, and if left untreated, can lead to serious complications. The therapeutic effects […]

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Inferior social hierarchy is vulnerable to anxiety-like behavior in chronic pain mice: Potential role of gut microbiota and metabolites.

Social dominance is a universal phenomenon among grouped animals that profoundly affects survival, health, and reproductive success by determining access to resources, and exerting a powerful influence on subsequent behavior. […]

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Short-term effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation in the nociceptive behavior of neuropathic pain rats in development.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion that triggers pain chronification and central sensitization and it can develop in a different manner, dependent of age. Recent studies have demonstrated […]

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Activation of LXRs alleviates neuropathic pain-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulation of microglia polarization and synaptic plasticity via PI3K/AKT pathway.

Cognitive dysfunction is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic pain. Activation of Liver X receptors (LXRs) plays a potential role in improving cognitive disorders in central nervous diseases. In […]

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General Anesthesia Activates a Central Anxiolytic Center in the BNST.

Low doses of general anesthetics like ketamine and dexmedetomidine have anxiolytic properties independent of their sedative effects. How these different drugs exert these anxiolytic effects is not well understood. We […]

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Mendelian randomization study of lipid metabolism characteristics and migraine risk.

The association between serum lipids and migraine is controversial. However, randomized controlled trials have suggested that statins may be efficacious for the prevention of migraine. In this study, we aim […]

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