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This critical review assessed the advantages of invasive procedures that were recently included in systematic reviews, to evaluate whether the definition of refractory pain condition was correctly followed to select […]
Therapeutic ultrasound (tUS) is widely used in chronic muscle pain control. However, its analgesic molecular mechanism is still not known. Our objective is to reveal the mechanism of the tUS-induced […]
Using the structure of gliotoxin as a starting point, we have prepared two different chemotypes with selective affinity to the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Using medicinal chemistry approaches and structure-activity […]
Itch and pain are two closely related sensations that receiving similar encodings at multiple levels. Accumulated evidences suggest that activation of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet (vLGN/IGL)-to-lateral […]
Face-to-face pain management programs demonstrate positive clinical outcomes in the chronic pain population by improving pain intensity and attitudes, depression, and functional disability scores. The effects of this modality carried […]
Unrelieved chronic pain is considered a key factor contributing to the maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The mechanisms responsible for chronic pain associated with chronic alcohol consumption are still […]
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs of abuse from cannabis […]
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence worldwide, including countries from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and in different ethnic groups. In recent […]
Drug discovery and development for fibromyalgia using practical biomarkers throughout the process from relevant animal models to patients.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread pain and complex comorbidities with a high unmet medical need. Given few past successes in the launch of analgesics with […]
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