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Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a complex condition that is mainly treated with analgesic drugs. However, antidepressant intervention is also an important factor in the treatment of CMP. Duloxetine is […]
Learn More >Balance assessment scales are important clinical tests to identify balance impairments. Chronic pain (> 3 months) is associated with impaired dynamic balance; however, very few balance assessment scales are psychometrically evaluated […]
Learn More >Accumulating data emphasizes the importance of olfaction in migraine pathophysiology. However, there are only a few studies evaluating how the migraine brain processes olfactory stimulation, and virtually no studies comparing […]
Learn More >Biosurfactants are attracting much interest due to their potential application as therapeutic agents in the medical and cosmetic field. Previous studies have demonstrated that biosurfactant such as sophorolipid (SL) exhibits […]
Learn More >Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is one of the most common skeletal disorders affecting aged populations. DDD is the leading cause of low back/neck pain, resulting in disability and huge socioeconomic […]
Learn More >This narrative review summarizes literature on pharmaceutical fentanyl’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion patterns to inform research on illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF).
Learn More >Neuropathic pain pathophysiology is not fully understood, but it was recently shown that MIP-1 family members (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL9) have strong pronociceptive properties. Our goal was to examine how […]
Learn More >Mostly, pain has been studied in association with inflammation, until recent studies which indicate that during bacterial infections, pain mechanisms could be independent of the inflammation. Chronic pain can sustain […]
Learn More >Medical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is not always a feasible option due to a lack of full response or adverse effects. Open surgery or percutaneous procedures are advocated in […]
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The increasing role of electronic media in headache.
Most individuals with access to the internet use social media platforms. These platforms represent an excellent opportunity to disseminate knowledge about management and treatment to the benefit of patients. The […]
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