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The aim of this study was to evaluate the microvasculature of the macula and the optic nerve in patients affected by migraine with aura (MA) and without aura (MO) by […]
Learn More >Nociceptors are a class of primary afferent neurons that signal potentially harmful noxious stimuli. An increase in nociceptor excitability occurs in acute and chronic pain conditions. This produces abnormal ongoing […]
Learn More >Traditionally prescribed for mood disorders, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have shown promising therapeutic effects on chronic neuralgia and irritable bowel syndrome. However, the mechanism by which these atypical effects manifest is […]
Learn More >Chronic pain, whether of inflammatory or neuropathic origin, affects about 18% of the population of developed countries, and most current treatments are only moderately effective and/or cause serious side effects. […]
Learn More >Itching is associated with various skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis and allergic dermatitis, and leads to repeated scratching behavior and unpleasant sensation. Although clinical and laboratory research data have shown […]
Learn More >Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state that usually caused by injuries in peripheral or central nerve. Inhibition of spinal microglial response is a promising treatment of neuropathic pain caused […]
Learn More >Pain is a complex problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The current therapies to reduce pain are limited as many treatment options inadequately address the causes of pain, lead to […]
Learn More >Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) provoked cluster headache attacks in individuals with episodic cluster headache during their active phase and individuals with chronic cluster headache. […]
Learn More >Morphine is a drug used in chronic pain such as diabetic neuropathy, but the development of tolerance to its antinociceptive effect is an important clinical problem. Aspirin is an analgesic […]
Learn More >Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is characterized by disabling joint pain that can cause persistent arthritis in approximately one-fourth of patients. Currently, no standard treatments are available for chronic CHIKV arthritis. Our […]
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