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The spinal cord microglia play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain (NP). Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a derivative of tanshinone IIA, has anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects. However, […]
Learn More >Pain and itch are recognized as antagonistically regulated sensations; pain suppresses itch, whilst pain inhibition enhances itch. The neural mechanisms at the central nervous system (CNS) underlying these pain-itch interactions […]
Learn More >Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that frequently involves cartilage damage and the destruction of the bone structure, ultimately resulting in disability and long-term pain. It is […]
Learn More >The Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a transient neurological disturbance characterized by sensory distortions most frequently associated with migraine in adults. Some lines of evidence suggest that AIWS and […]
Learn More >Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is often used to understand the perceptual basis of acute and chronic conditions, including pain. As the need grows for developing a mechanistic understanding of neurological […]
Learn More >Evidence indicates that patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) have lumbar multifidus muscle (LM) activation deficit which might be caused by changes in cortical excitability. Anodal transcranial direct current […]
Learn More >The potential role of gut microbiota in pain modulation is arousing an emerging interest since recent years. This study investigated neuromodulatory properties of gut microbiota to identify next-generation probiotics to […]
Learn More >Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are 2 chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) that present with significant comorbidity. Both conditions are more prevalent in women and are exacerbated […]
Learn More >Little is known about the comparative effects of migraine preventive drugs. We aimed to estimate treatment retention and effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs in a nationwide registry-based cohort study in […]
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