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Kappa opioid receptors have exceptional potential as an analgesic target, seemingly devoid of many problematic Mu receptor side-effects. Kappa-selective, small molecule pharmaceutical agents have been developed, but centrally mediated side-effects […]
Learn More >Several studies performed thus far indicate that neuroinflammation may be one of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (NP). Autophagy, as an adaptive response, has been regarded as […]
Learn More >Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic, widespread pain disorder generally of a non-inflammatory nature with many known affective and cognitive comorbidities. There is promise in the implementation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy […]
Learn More >The molecular mechanisms of refractory pain in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients are not fully understood. PHN may be related to skin abnormality after herpes zoster induced skin lesions. We previously […]
Learn More >We developed an animal model of activity-induced muscle pain that is dependent on local macrophage activation and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Activation of purinergic type 2X (P2X) 7 receptors recruits […]
Learn More >Itch associates several pathologies and is a common drug-induced side effect. Chloroquine (CQ) was reported to induce itch by activating the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor MrgprA3 and subsequently TRPA1. In […]
Learn More >The treatment of neuropathic pain is still a major troublesome clinical problem. The existing therapeutic drugs have limited analgesic effect and obvious adverse reactions, which presents opportunities and challenges for the development of […]
Learn More >Pain caused by the tumor or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is a disabling symptom in breast cancer survivors. Their mechanisms are unclear, but pro-algesic and inflammatory mediators seem to be involved. […]
Learn More >Previous studies show ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channel openers can reduce hypersensitivity associated with chronic pain models in rodents, and reduce morphine tolerance. Many agonists of K channels are not soluble […]
Learn More >Astrocyte activation in the spinal dorsal horn may play an important role in the development of chronic neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms involved in astrocyte activation and their modulatory effects […]
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