- Anniversary/History
- Membership
- Publications
- Resources
- Education
- Events
- Advocacy
- Careers
- About
- For Pain Patients and Professionals
Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) upregulates in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of cyanocobalamin alone or in combination with morphine on pain and the relationship between these effects and spinal TSP4 expression in neuropathic rats.