Papers of the Week

Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIa (CP/CPPS IIIa) are separate nosologies defined diagnostic verification criteria according to the NIH-NIDDK classification (1995). The identification of enterobacteria in the prostatic secretion (PS) has long been a criterion for the diagnosis of CBP, while PS in patients suffering CP/CPPS IIIa was considered as "sterile". However, the introduction of various methods of PS`s in-depth analysis and UPOINTS classification (2010) development with the allocation of site I (infection) allows us to consider the infectious factor as an etiological predictor of the initiation of inflammation in the prostate with CP/CPPS IIIa. Thus, the determination of the features of the taxonomic composition of microbiota in BP and CP/CPPS IIIa can act as a differentiating factor of these conditions.