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The clinical use of brain stimulation is attractive for patients who have side effects or tolerance. However, studies on insular cortex (IC) stimulation are lacking in neuropathic pain. The present […]
Learn More >Chronic pain has attracted wide interest because it is a major obstacle affecting the quality of life. Consequently, safe, efficient, and low-addictive drugs are highly desirable. Nanoparticles (NPs) with robust […]
Learn More >The mechanism underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disease with hyperalgesia, remains elusive. The spinal cholinergic system is involved in pain modulation, but its role in IBS is unknown.
Learn More >Inward-rectifying K channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), which regulates the electrophysiological properties of neurons and glia by affecting K homeostasis, plays a critical role in neuropathic pain. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) […]
Learn More >Depression and thermal hypersensitivity share pathogenic features and symptomology, but their pathophysiologic interactions have not been fully eluidated. Dopaminergic systems in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus have […]
Learn More >In mammals, pain is regulated by the combination of an ascending stimulating and descending inhibitory pain pathway. It remains an intriguing question whether such pain pathways are of ancient origin […]
Learn More >Spreading depolarization (SD), the underlying mechanism of migraine aura, may trigger the opening of the Pannexin-1 (Panx1) pore to sustain the cortical neuroinflammatory cascades involved in the genesis of headache. […]
Learn More >Acute and chronic pain is often treated with opioids despite the negative side effects of constipation, physical dependence, respiratory depression, and overdose. The misuse of opioid analgesics has given rise […]
Learn More >Glycine receptors (GlyRs) play key roles in the processing of inflammatory pain. The use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene therapy in human clinical trials has shown promise, as […]
Learn More >Neuropathic pain is a disease that has become one of the major public health problems and a global burden. Nox4-induced oxidative stress can lead to ferroptosis and neuropathic pain. Methyl […]
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