Rejected

Most therapies used in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases are ineffective in preventing the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, mainly due to inflammation-induced enteric neuroplasticity. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites mainly of with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are effective in treating both neuropathic and arthritis pain through HS release and Kv7 potassium channel activation. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective and anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of a defatted seed meal from Mill. (Brassicaceae), rich in glucosinolates, in a rat model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). The mechanisms of action were also investigated. Visceral pain was assessed by measuring the abdominal response to colorectal distension. Fifteen days after colitis induction, the acute administration of defatted seed meal (0.1-1 g kg p.o.) dose-dependently relieved pain. This effect was hampered by co-administering an HS scavenger or a selective Kv7 blocker. Administering (1 g kg) for 14 days, starting after DNBS injection, contributed to counteracting visceral pain persistence in the post-inflammatory phase of colitis by promoting colon healing from the damage and reducing enteric gliosis. defatted seed meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool for supporting abdominal pain relief in patients.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine or meloxicam on behavioral response and performance characteristics associated with surgical castration in crossbred bulls. Intact male Bos taurus calves (n = 252; averaging 176 kg) were randomly allocated into one of three treatment groups within pen: control (CON), flunixin meglumine (FLU; 2.2 mg per kg intravenous injection), or meloxicam (MEL; 2.0 mg per kg per os). Individual animal was the experimental unit. Calves were individually weighed on day (d) 0 and 14 of the trial to evaluate performance outcomes. On study d 0, treatments were administered, according to their random allocation, immediately prior to surgical castration using the Henderson tool method. Visual analog scale (VAS) assessment and categorical attitude score (CAS) were collected on d -1, 0 (6 h post-castration), 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the study. The VAS was assigned using a 100 mm horizontal line with 'normal' labeled at one end of the line and 'moribund' at the other end of the horizontal line. The masked observer assigned a mark on the horizontal line based upon the observed severity of pain exhibited by that individual animal. The CAS was assigned by the same observer using 5 different categories with a score of 0 being "normal". Average daily gain tended (P = 0.09) to be associated with treatment group, and MEL had greater (P = 0.04) average daily gain through day 14 compared to CON. A significant (P < 0.01) treatment by day interaction was indicated for VAS score, and MEL had lower VAS scores on d 0, 1, 2, and 3 post-castration compared to CON; FLU had lower VAS scores on d 0 and 1 compared to CON. A significant treatment by day interaction was not present (P = 0.25) for CAS. The FLU had lesser percent CAS ≥ 1 (17.5%; P = 0.05) compared to CON (29.4%); MEL has lesser percent CAS ≥ 1 observations (14.9%; P = 0.01) compared to CON. The median VAS increased as CAS was more severe. Results indicated MEL and FLU calves temporally improved behavioral responses following surgical castration with positive numerical trends for a 14 d ADG. The VAS system appeared to be an effective method of subjective evaluation of pain in beef calves in this study. Route of administration, duration of therapy, and low relative cost make oral meloxicam a reasonable analgesic treatment in calves when administered at the time of surgical castration.

Facial nerve palsy (FNP) is a common illness in the paediatric emergency department. Missed or delayed diagnosis can have a serious impact on a patient's quality of life. The aim of this article is to give a recent overview of this pathology in terms of the causes, diagnosis, red flag symptoms, complementary examinations, treatments and follow-up in the child population. In cases of acquired, acute onset and isolated FNP, Bell's palsy can be assumed, and no further investigation is required. In any other scenario, complementary examinations are required. Treatment depends on the aetiology. Corticosteroids, in addition to antiviral medication, are recommended to treat Bell's palsy whenever a viral infection is suspected. However, the lack of randomised control trials in the paediatric population does not allow us to comment on the effectiveness of these treatments. In all cases, treated or not, children have a very good recovery rate. This review emphasises the necessity of randomised control trials concerning this frequent neurological pathology in order to better treat these children.

Lipoid Proteinosis (LP) or Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae or Urbach-Wiethe disease is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by an amorphous hyaline material deposition in the skin mucosa and viscera. The clinical symptoms of this disease often begin in childhood, which persist throughout life. Skin manifestations include inflammation, scaling, acne, and eventually ulceration, and hyaline amorphous deposits in these areas of the wound cause a waxy and thick appearance on the skin. In addition, wounds leave atrophic scars like chickenpox.

Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Currently, prescribed treatments are still unsatisfactory or have limited effectiveness. leaves are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.; however, their antinociceptive efficacy has not yet been explored. We examined the antinociceptive efficacy and underlying mechanism of leaf extract (CJE) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain models. To test the antinociceptive activity of CJE, three types of allodynia were evaluated: punctate allodynia using von Frey filaments, dynamic allodynia using a paintbrush and cotton swab, and cold allodynia using a cold plate test. CCI rats developed neuropathic pain representing increases in the three types of allodynia and spontaneous pain. In addition, CCI rats showed high phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factors, and nociceptive mediators in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 levels and neuroinflammation also increased following CCI surgery in the spinal cord. CJE and its active components have potential antinociceptive effects against CCI-induced neuropathic pain that might be mediated by MAPK activation in the DRG and microglial activation in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that CJE, (-)-epicatechin, and rutin could be novel candidates for neuropathic pain management.

Ultrasound has long been the radiological investigation of choice for right upper quadrant pain in the detection of gallstones and cholecystitis. However, previously reported sensitivity, specificity and other diagnostic metrics have varied widely and the underlying patient numbers have been small. We present robust and exhaustive diagnostic metrics based on a large series of 795 patients.

We focused on the clinical picture, severity and prognosis of children who experienced long-term respiratory issues after COVID-19.

Patients with malignant diseases are known to have a high symptom burden including pain, and insufficient treatment of pain in this population has been frequently documented. To promote the integration of specialized palliative care and hematology and oncology, this study investigated disease, treatment, and comorbidity related symptoms as well as functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HQoL) by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinician-reported outcome measures (ClinROs) among inpatients in a comprehensive cancer center.

Improvements in screening, diagnosis and treatment of cancer has seen cancer mortality substantially diminish in the past three decades. It is estimated there are almost 20 million cancer survivors in the USA alone, but some 40% live with chronic pain after completing treatment. While a broad definition of survivorship that includes all people living with, through and beyond a cancer diagnosis-including those with active cancer-is often used, this narrative review primarily focuses on the management of pain in people who are disease-free after completing primary cancer treatment as adults. Chronic pain in this population needs a different approach to that used for people with a limited prognosis. After describing the common chronic pain syndromes caused by cancer treatment, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, the pharmacologic management of entities such as post-surgical pain, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, aromatase inhibitor musculoskeletal syndrome and checkpoint inhibitor-related pain are described. The challenges  associated with opioid prescribing in this population are given special attention. Expert guidelines on pain management in cancer survivors now recommend a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities, and these are also briefly covered.