Rejected

Itching is an irritating and uncomfortable sensation that has a profound effect on patients' physical and mental health. It is a major under-recognised problem in older patients who cannot express their pain due to advanced cognitive impairment. Therefore, objective itch-assessment tools that do not rely on patients' reports of itching may be of value for this patient group.

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) have higher risk of developing pain disorders. This study aimed to investigate the risk of major psychiatric disorders (MPD), SUD, and pain disorders among their offspring.

Omeprazole belongs to the pharmacological classifications of proton pump inhibitors and is a widely used medicine. All proton pump inhibitors have a common mechanism of action and are prodrugs that require activation in an acidic environment. Omeprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome 2C19 and cytochrome 3A4, which are responsible for drug interactions. Omeprazole-induced galactorrhea is a rare adverse event of drug metabolism and is often underreported.

The aim of this review is to compare the outcomes of surgical repair versus watchful waiting in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders related to working. Due to the nature of nursing work, this problem is often seen in nurses, including those who work in the operating rooms. Depending on the cause, there are various surgical and non-surgical methods to treat LBP. The present study was aimed to compare the effect of two therapeutic methods of back exercises and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the disability and pain of operating room nurses with LBP.

A six-year-old boy visits a general practitioner due to diarrhea and abdominal pain with a moderate fever of up to 39 °C for 2 days. Treatment is initiated; however, the recurrence of abdominal pain is observed. Physical examination of the child at the emergency department reveals abdominal guarding and visible, palpable, painful intestinal loops in the left iliac and hypogastric regions-this is referred to as an 'acute abdomen'. An X-ray shows single levels of air and fluid indicative of bowel obstruction. Ultrasound reveals distended, fluid-filled intestinal loops with diminished motility. The intestinal wall is swollen. Laboratory tests indicate increased inflammatory indices. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination of the abdominal cavity and lesser pelvis shows intestinal dilation. The loops were filled with liquid content and numerous collections of gas. The patient is qualified for a laparotomy. An intraoperative diagnosis of perforated gangrenous appendicitis with autoamputation was made. In addition, numerous interloop and pelvic abscesses, excessive adhesions, signs of small intestine micro-perforation, and diffuse peritonitis are found. The patient's condition and laboratory parameters significantly improve during the following days of hospitalization. Despite the implementation of multidirectional, specialized diagnostics in the case of acute abdomen, in everyday practice we still encounter situations where the final diagnosis is made intraoperatively only.

We present a case of a young boy who developed persistent tachycardia despite fluid resuscitation, antipyretics, and analgesia after a Fontan procedure. Review of telemetry and ECGs revealed repolarization abnormalities, including the appearance of T-wave alternans, for which an uncommon cause was ultimately identified.

Chronic dizziness can significantly affect quality of life, but identifying the underlying cause remains challenging. This study focuses on proprioceptive cervicogenic dizziness (CGD) and aims: (1) to compare clinical test results between patients with CGD, dizzy patients without CGD, and healthy controls; and (2) to evaluate the diagnostic value of the clinical tests for CGD in patients with chronic dizziness.

An 82-year-old man with miliary tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital. Approximately six weeks after starting anti-tuberculosis treatment, he complained of pain in the fingers, wrists, and ankles. A histopathological examination of the synovial biopsy revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation with no granulomas. Culture of the biopsy specimen yielded no acid-fast bacilli. Poncet's disease was diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, with no findings suggestive of other diseases. His joint pain rapidly improved with steroid therapy. Tuberculosis can cause arthritis through immune-mediated mechanisms without direct invasion in an entity known as Poncet's disease.

Anal fistulae are difficult to treat entities and minimally invasive procedures are evolving with promises. Our improvised technique is a simple and easy day-care procedure for simple fistulae.