Rejected

Character-space-limited (CSL) communications (e.g., tweets) present a challenge for maintaining fair balance between risks and benefits in direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion. Current FDA guidance advises incorporating risk information within the CSL communication. Because space is limited, others suggest only linking to risk information.

This article aims to summarize the current literature describing the application of erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks for regional anesthesia of upper and lower limbs and to discuss the advantages and limitations.

Approximately 1 child in 1,000 is affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Persistent, undiagnosed JIA with high disease activity interferes with daily life and carries a risk of irreversible physical and psychosocial damage. Due to its relative rarity, primary care physicians often do not recognise it. Consequently, diagnosis and referral to paediatric rheumatologists are delayed. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Israeli paediatricians and paediatric orthopaedic surgeons regarding the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters and treatment of JIA.

Satisfaction, in relation to care received, is a good indicator of quality of care. The objective of this study was to analyze the degree of satisfaction with childbirth and postpartum care as reported by women from one hospital in southwestern Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors that influenced care were also examined. A cross-sectional study was carried out between the months of October 2020 and February 2021. Satisfaction was measured through the COMFORTS scale, validated in Spanish. A final sample of 116 women was included in the study. The mean age was 32.08 (±4.68) years. A total of 111 (95.69%) women were satisfied or very satisfied with the care received. The median satisfaction score was higher among multiparous women (187 (199-173)) than among primiparous women (174 (193-155.50)) ( = 0.003). Differences in satisfaction were found as a function of the use of epidural analgesia, being higher among women who had planned its use but ultimately did not use it (188 (172.50-199.75)) or who planned its use and did (186 (169.50-198)) than among those who had not planned to use epidural analgesia but ultimately received it (173.50 (187.50-146.25)) or those who did not use it, as planned, before childbirth (172 (157-185)) ( = 0.020). Overall satisfaction rate between SARS-CoV-2-negative women assisted was high. Parity and use of epidural analgesia were two factors influencing satisfaction scores in our sample.

Prevotella species (i. e. P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. pallens, P. oris) are usually responsible for abscesses of head and neck spaces after dental procedures. P. intermedia – related infective endocarditis has never been reported.

Venous leg ulcers are a chronic health problem that cause considerable economic impact and affect quality of life for those who have them. Primary wound contact dressings are usually applied to ulcers beneath compression therapy to aid healing, promote comfort and control exudate. There are numerous dressing products available for venous leg ulcers and hydrogel is often prescribed for this condition; however, the evidence base to guide dressing choice is sparse.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated proinflammatory signals in keratinocytes play a crucial role in the immunoregulation of inflammatory skin diseases, including rosacea and psoriasis. Nav1.8 is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel, and its abnormal expression in the epidermal layer contributes to pain hypersensitivity in the skin. However, whether and how epidermal Nav1.8 is involved in skin immunoregulation remains unclear. This study was performed to identify the therapeutic role of Nav1.8 in inflammatory skin disorders. We found that Nav1.8 expression was significantly upregulated in the epidermis of rosacea and psoriasis skin lesions. Nav1.8 knockdown ameliorated skin inflammation in LL37-and imiquimod-induced inflammation mouse models. Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that Nav1.8 regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL1β and IL6) in keratinocytes, thereby contributing to immune infiltration in inflammatory skin disorders. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a cytokine that drives the development of various inflammatory skin disorders, increased Nav1.8 expression in keratinocytes. Knockdown of Nav1.8 eliminated excess ROS production, thereby attenuating the TNFα-induced production of inflammatory mediators; however, a Nav1.8 blocker did not have the same effect. Mechanistically, Nav1.8 reduced superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity by directly binding to SOD2 to prevent its deacetylation and mitochondrial localization, subsequently inducing ROS accumulation. Collectively, our study describes a central role for Nav1.8 in regulating pro-inflammatory responses in the skin and indicates a novel therapeutic strategy for rosacea and psoriasis.

Extremity venous aneurysms put patients at risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic venous insufficiency. Presently, due to the rarity of these aneurysms, no consensus for their treatment exists. The purpose of this study was to review the presentation, natural history, and contemporary management of extremity venous aneurysms.

While re-revision total knee arthroplasty (ReRTKA) steadily increases, the ease and bone-sparing removal of RTKA implants is gaining more and more in importance. Biomechanical data suggest that cemented conical stems can be removed significantly easier than cylindrical stems. However, no clinical evidence exists supporting this observation. Aim of this study was to compare the revisability and need for osteotomy (OT) between removals of well-fixed cemented conical vs. cylindrical RTKA stems.

Spleen-stomach vacuity cold is the primary TCM pattern for epigastric pain, accounting for 75% of the patients. According to the TCM theory of treating both the tip and the root, epigastric pain requires the caregiver to dissipate cold and relieve pain, the treatments for the tip, which warm and supplement the spleen and stomach, the treatments for the root.