Rejected

To investigate the predictive power of depression and anxiety for conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and to examine the relationships of CPM at 40°C and CPM at 47°C with age, disease-related pain, pain duration, and psychosocial factors in burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles.

COVID-19 is a respiratory infection brought about by SARS-COV-2. Most of the patients contaminated by this pathogen are afflicted by respiratory syndrome with multiple stages ranging from mild upper respiratory involvement to severe dyspnea and acute respiratory distress syndrome cases. Keeping in mind the high sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) scan in detecting abnormalities, it became the number one modality in COVID-19 diagnosis. A wide diversity of CT features can be found in COVID-19 cases, which can be observed before the onset of clinical signs. The review article is aimed to highlight recent discrepancies in CT-scan and chest X-ray (CXR) characteristics between COVID-19 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

Összefoglaló. A palliatív ellátás célja a beteg és családja életminőségének javítása egy életet megrövidítő betegség során. A palliatív betegpopuláció 32-80%-a kap szisztémás szteroidot kínzó tünetek enyhítésére. Az alkalmazási irányelvek, a szteroidhasználat a palliatív betegek körében nagyon változó az egyes országok, de az országon belüli ellátók között is. A palliatív betegellátásban szteroidokat – elsősorban szisztémás glükokortikoidokat (dexametazon, betametazon, prednizolon, metilprednizolon) – főleg antiinflammatorikus és a vascularis permeabilitást csökkentő hatásuk miatt alkalmazunk. A palliatív ellátás során glükokortikoid adása számos specifikus indikáció esetén javasolható, mint idegi kompresszió, neuropathiás fájdalom, csontfájdalom és metastasis, májtokfeszülés okozta fájdalom, malignus bélobstrukció, agynyomás-fokozódás, malignus gerincvelő-kompresszió, vena cava superior szindróma, lymphangitis carcinomatosa, nagy légúti obstrukció. Sokszor párhuzamosan jelentkező, nem specifikus tünetek – mint anorexia-cachexia szindróma, hányinger, hányás, fáradtság, gyengeség, nehézlégzés – szintén szükségessé tehetik szteroid adását. A palliatív betegek prognózisát figyelembe véve a szteroidok késői mellékhatásai nem korlátozzák adásukat, az elsődleges terápiás előny felülmúlja a lehetséges kockázatokat. A nemzetközi gyakorlatban a dexametazon a leggyakrabban alkalmazott glükokortikoid, kifejezett gyulladáscsökkentő hatása és kevesebb mineralokortikoid-mellékhatása miatt. Fontos, elengedhetetlen része a biztonságos szteroidterápiának a mellékhatások gondos monitorozása, erről a beteget és a hozzátartozókat is fel kell világosítani. A megfelelő indikációban, dózisban és megfelelő kezelési terv alapján adagolt szteroid hasznos része a palliatív tünetkontrollnak, a beteg életminőség-javításának. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(8): 294-300. Summary. Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life of patients and their families during a life-shortening illness. 32-80% of the palliative patient population receive systemic steroids to relieve torturous symptoms during end-of-life care. Guidelines for steroid use among palliative patients vary widely from country to country, but also within providers. In palliative care, steroids – mainly systemic glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, betamethasone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone) – are used especially for their anti-inflammatory and vascular permeability-reducing effects. Glucocorticoid administration during palliative care is recommended for a number of specific indications, such as neural compression, neuropathic pain, bone pain and metastasis, liver capsule pain, malignant intestinal obstruction, increased cerebral pressure, malignant spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, carcinomatous lymphangitis, and large airway compression. Often concomitant non-specific symptoms such as anorexia-cachexia syndrome, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, dyspnoea may also necessitate steroid administration. Considering the prognosis of palliative patients, the late side effects of steroids do not limit their administration, the primary therapeutic benefit outweighs the potential risks. Internationally, dexamethasone is the most commonly used glucocorticoid due to its pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and fewer mineralocorticoid side effects. Careful monitoring of side effects is an important and essential part of safe steroid therapy and should be made clear to the patient and their relatives. Steroids administered in the right indication and dose as well as according to an appropriate treatment plan are useful parts of palliative symptom control and improve patients' quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(8): 294-300.

To determine the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on the psychosocial features of patients with masticatory myofascial pain (MFP).

Migraine is a highly prevalent condition, and prevalence of obesity is also increasing. Results of studies addressing association of body mass index (BMI) with migraine and its features are conflicting. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to assess association between BMI and various migraine features.

The authors describe a case of filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (FTAVF) in association with a large L2-L3 disc sequestration and diffuse lumbar arachnoiditis. A 64-year-old male manifested with chronic back pain and gait difficulty. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine revealed spinal cord congestion extending from the conus medullaris to the level of T9. There was a large disc sequestration came from L2-L3 disc herniation. In addition, thickening, clumping, and enhancement of the entire cauda equina were noted, probably representing arachnoiditis. MR angiography (MRA) and spinal angiography confirmed FTAVF at the level of L5. The patient underwent laminectomy with lysis adhesions and obliteration of the fistula. His postoperative course was uneventful. MRI and MRA of the thoracolumbar spine obtained 4 months after surgery revealed complete obliteration of the fistula and significant resolution of spinal cord congestion. Enhancement of the cauda equina roots was no longer visible. Interestingly, the significant resorption of the sequestrated disc was documented on MRI. The formation of the FTAVF in the present study may result from severe spinal canal stenosis caused by a large disc sequestration blocking the rostral venous drainage of the fistula, or chronic inflammation, and adhesions of the caudal nerve roots from lumbar arachnoiditis. It seems that FTAVF may be of acquired origin by this evidence.

Current practices regarding tracheostomy in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome are unknown. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence and the association between the timing of tracheostomy (during or after ECMO weaning) and related complications, sedative, and analgesic use.

Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects a substantial proportion of the world population. This disorder is characterized by scaly, thick skin, intense ongoing itch, and itch from light touch (such as clothing contacting skin, called "alloknesis"). Imiquimod is a topical treatment for basal cell carcinomas and warts that has been used to create a mouse model of plaque psoriasis. Imiquimod-treated male, but not female, wildtype B6 mice showed significant increases in spontaneous scratching, while both sexes exhibited increased alloknesis, indicative of chronic itch. TRPV1 and TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice all exhibited numeric increases in spontaneous scratching which were significant for TRPV1KO mice and TRPA1KO males. Female TRPV1KO and TRPA1KO mice exhibited imiquimod-induced increases in alloknesis scores that did not significantly differ from wildtypes, while alloknesis scores in imiquimod-treated male TRPV1KO and TRPA1KO mice were significantly lower compared with wildtypes, suggesting that these ion channels are necessary for the development of alloknesis in males but not females in this model. Curiously, none of the groups exhibited any significant overall change in chloroquine-evoked scratching following imiquimod treatment, indicating that hyperknesis does not develop in this mouse model. Overall, the data indicate that there are sex differences in this mouse model of psoriasis, and that TRPV1 and TRPA1 ion channels have a small role in promoting the development of itch sensitization. This contrasts with the far greater role these channels play in the manifestation of skin changes in psoriatic dermatitis.