Rejected

To gain expert-judgement-free insight into the of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), by investigating its 'latent constructs' and to test how well these latent constructs fit the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria.

Dexamethasone is an effective antiemetic and may facilitate initial postoperative recovery after mastectomyWhether 24 mg is more effective than 8 mg remains unknown WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: Dexamethasone (24 mg) did not increase the number of patients eligible to skip the postanesthetic care unitPain scores were low and nausea rare in both groupsDexamethasone (24 mg) was not preferable to 8 mg BACKGROUND:: Pain and nausea are the most common challenges in postoperative recovery after mastectomy. Preventive measures include multimodal analgesia with preoperative glucocorticoid. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 24 mg of preoperative dexamethasone was superior to 8 mg on early recovery after mastectomy in addition to a simple analgesic protocol.

Low hippocampal volume could serve as an early risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in interaction with other brain anomalies of developmental origin. One such anomaly may well be the presence of a large cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), which has been loosely associated with PTSD. We performed a longitudinal prospective study of recent trauma survivors. We hypothesized that at 1 month after trauma exposure the relation between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptom severity will be moderated by CSP volume, and that this early interaction will account for persistent PTSD symptoms at subsequent time points.

The aim of the study was to describe an optical coherence tomography finding in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and discuss its physiopathology. A 34-year-old Hispanic male was referred to the retina clinic, with 2 weeks of "drowsiness," headache, photopsia, and blurred vision. He was diagnosed with incomplete VKH. Optical coherence tomography, among other studies, was obtained, and a focal separation of the photoreceptor outer segments (OSs) from the inner neuroepithelium was observed. Here, we report a rare finding associated with VKH disease, which we called photoreceptor stretching and hypothesize it results from the presence of a spot of strong adherence between the OS of the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium.

High-flow oxygen inhalation is one of the most effective acute treatments for cluster headache. The therapy was first described for the treatment of cluster headache in 1952 by Horton, and has exhibited some advantages and efficacy compared to other acute medicines. The mechanism is not very clear, but some evidence has demonstrated its relationship to the trigeminovascular system and neuroinflammation. High-flow oxygen inhalation via a non-rebreather mask during cluster headache attacks has been widely recommended. Patients with frequent attacks and/or intolerance to drugs may prefer the oxygen treatment.

Prolotherapy is a nonsurgical regenerative injection technique and effective treatment method for the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation. Autologous blood and dextrose are commonly used agents for prolotherapy and the aim of this study is to compare the autologous blood injection prolotherapy and 25% dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation.

Recently, opoids are linked with cancer recurrence. Duloxetine hydrochloride (DH), an anxiolytic may reduce total opoid requirement after cancer surgery.

The ectopic pain associated with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury has been reported to involve macrophage expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). However, the effect of age-related changes on this abnormal pain conditions are still unknown. This study sought to clarify the involvement of age-related changes in macrophage expression and phenotypic conversion in the TG and how these changes enhance ectopic mechanical allodynia after IAN transection (IANX).

RAD-140, one of the novel selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), has potent anabolic effects on bones and muscles with little androgenic effect. Despite the lack of approval for its clinical use, RAD-140 is readily accessible on the consumer market. Hepatotoxicity associated with the use of SARMs has only rarely been reported in the literature. A 24-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of diffuse abdominal pain, scleral icterus, pruritus, and jaundice. Prior to presentation, he had been taking the health supplement RAD-140 for muscle growth for 5 weeks. He had a cholestatic pattern of liver injury, with a peak total bilirubin of 38.5 mg/dL. Liver biopsy was supportive of a diagnosis of RAD-140-associated liver injury characterized pathologically by intracytoplasmic and canalicular cholestasis with minimal portal inflammation. Symptoms and liver injury resolved after cessation of the offending agent. To date, only select descriptions of the potential hepatoxicity associated with the use of SARMs, including RAD-140, have been published. Given their potential hepatoxicity and ready availability on the consumer market, RAD-140 and other SARMs should be used judiciously and under close clinical supervision until further hepatic safety data become available.

It is challenging to give the patient position for subarachnoid block (SAB) as intertrochanteric (IT) fracture of the femur produces intolerable pain. In this study, we have analyzed the usefulness of combined ultrasonography (USG)-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block (LFCNB) to reduce the fracture pain before performing SAB.