Rejected

Coronary artery spasm constitutes the primary underlying pathology of variant angina. Because provocation of coronary artery spasm may occur with both excess sympathetic and excess parasympathetic stimulation, patients with this disorder have extremely limited options for perioperative pain control. This is especially true for procedures involving extensive abdominal incision/manipulation. Whereas neuraxial analgesia might otherwise be appropriate in these cases, several studies have demonstrated that coronary artery spasm can occur as a result of epidural placement, and therefore, that this may not be an optimal choice for patients with variant angina. This report discusses the case of a patient with a preexisting diagnosis of variant angina who underwent an exploratory laparotomy with large ventral hernia repair and for whom continuous erector spinae plane blocks were successfully used as analgesic adjuncts without triggering coronary artery spasm.

Enoxaparin-mediated bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis (BHD) is one of the rare side effects during prophylaxis of enoxaparin for various thromboembolic events. We report a case of a 74-year-old female with multiple comorbidities who developed BHD at a distant site from subcutaneous delivery of enoxaparin. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of BHD. Discontinuation of enoxaparin resulted in the gradual resolution of the bullae formation, and the patient was started on novel oral anticoagulation with apixaban. The usual cutaneous adverse effects of enoxaparin include maculopapular rash, pruritus, skin necrosis, eczematous dermatitis, and rarely bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis. This hemorrhagic bullae dermatosis at a distant site from the administration is a relatively rare and benign side effect of enoxaparin which is an under-recognized complication of low-molecular-weight heparin.

A traumatic neuroma occurs at the injury site of a peripheral nerve; however, albeit rarely, this variant of a neuroma can involve a nerve that has not experienced penetrating trauma. A lower extremity amputation stump is the most common location of a traumatic neuroma. Traumatic neuromas may be symptomatic; tumor-associated pain can be severe and significantly affect the patient's quality of life. Several hypotheses have been postulated for the pathogenesis of neuroma-related pain, including alpha-smooth muscle actin, neural fiber structural changes, nerve growth factor, and/or sensitization of the affected nerve. In addition to prevention, non-surgical treatment (such as chemical interventions, cryotherapy, neuromodulation, pharmacologic agents, and physiotherapy) and surgical interventions (such as direct nerve repair at the time of injury or ligation of the nerve proximal to the neuroma and various potential methods to minimize subsequent irritation of the distal free end of the proximal nerve) have been used to manage neuroma-associated pain. A traumatic neuroma of the nose is rare. Indeed, it has only been described in three individuals: two women (including the Caucasian woman in this report and a Turkish woman) and one man. The benign tumor was extremely painful in both women; however, the man's lesion was non-tender. Prior trauma to the nasal site included either a laceration or elective surgery; however, the reported woman did not experience any penetrating trauma to her nose. The diagnosis was established following an excisional (for the man), incisional (for the Turkish woman), or punch (for the Caucasian woman) biopsy. Follow-up was provided for two of the patients. The man's neuroma had been completely excised, and he never developed tumor-associated tenderness. However, the pain persisted after the biopsy healed for the reported woman whose neuroma was not entirely removed. The explosive and markedly severe character of the reported patient's lesion-related tenderness prompted us to propose an acronym for this uncommon yet exquisitely painful variant of a neuroma: tender nasal traumatic (TNT) neuroma.

Childhood ataxia may be due to multifactorial causes of impairment in the coordination of movement and balance. Acutely presenting ataxia in children may be due to infectious, inflammatory, toxic, ischemic, or traumatic etiology. Intermittent or episodic ataxia in children may be manifestations of migraine, benign positional vertigo, or intermittent metabolic disorders. Nonprogressive childhood ataxia suggests a congenital brain malformation or early prenatal or perinatal brain injury, and progressive childhood ataxia indicates inherited causes or acquired posterior fossa lesions that result in gradual cerebellar dysfunction. CT and MRI of the central nervous system are the usual modalities used in imaging children presenting with ataxia, based on the clinical presentation. This document provides initial imaging guidelines for a child presenting with acute ataxia with or without a history of recent trauma, recurrent ataxia with interval normal neurological examination, chronic progressive ataxia, and chronic nonprogressive ataxia. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances in which peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.

We present the cases of two otherwise healthy adults, one with meningitis and another with a subdural abscess, with both conditions attributable to . A 31-year-old man was admitted with a 3-day history of fever, headache, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed intermittent confusion, irritability, and neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive for . Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (C-MRI) revealed multiple small lesions on the bilateral frontal lobes. Intravenous ceftriaxone and vancomycin were administered, followed by intravenous moxifloxacin. His symptoms resolved within 3 months. Additionally, a 66-year-old man was admitted for acute fever with confusion, abnormal behavior, and a recent history of acute respiratory infection. Physical examination revealed confusion, neck stiffness, and a positive right Babinski sign. CSF metagenomic analysis detected . C-MRI disclosed left occipitotemporal meningoencephalitis with subdural abscesses. Intravenous ceftriaxone was administered for 3 weeks. His condition gradually improved, with resorbed lesions detected on repeat MRI. This study expanded the clinical and imaging spectra of meningitis. In healthy adults, can invade the brain, but subdural abscess is a rare neuroimaging manifestation. Early diagnosis of meningitis by high-throughput sequencing and flexible treatment strategies are necessary for satisfactory outcomes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.12.008.].

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) is a debilitating condition characterised by bladder/pelvic pain and pressure as well as persistent or recurrent urinary symptoms in the absence of an identifiable cause. It is hypothesised that in addition to organ specific visceral hypersensitivity, contributions of the hypertonic pelvic floor, peripheral sensitisation, and central sensitisation exacerbate this condition. The aim of this paper is to investigate outcomes of treating underlying neuromuscular dysfunction and neuro-plastic mechanisms in BPS/IC patients.

Fractures of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus are typically traumatic in nature, most commonly occurring in association with multi-part fractures of the humeral head, often in the setting of a posterior shoulder dislocation. Isolated fractures of the lesser tuberosity are considerably more rare and are difficult to diagnose on standard shoulder radiographs without an axillary view. These fractures have been associated with 3 main types of injury: acute abduction/external rotation injury, acute injury or repetitive stress injury in adolescent overhead or throwing athletes, and rarely as a seizure associated injury. The mechanism of injury in these cases has been posited to relate to the subscapularis tendon, either resisting forced abduction/external rotation in the setting of trauma, exerting chronic or acute avulsive traction in the setting of adolescent overhead or throwing athletes, or violently contracting and avulsing the lesser tuberosity in the setting of seizures. We present an unusual case of a 27-year-old male with a history of alcohol use disorder with bilateral shoulder pain after minor trauma and observed seizure-like activity. Clinical work-up revealed bilateral isolated avulsion fractures of the lesser tuberosities, which was thought to be on the basis of seizure-related violent contraction of the subscapularis muscles. The clinical relevance of this case is that a high clinical index of suspicion is needed in order to detect lesser tuberosity avulsion fractures and avoid the consequences of untreated injury such as instability or impingement.

A 81-year-old female had chronic renal failure and was undergoing hemodialysis, visited orthopaedic clinic after striking her head on the ceiling of a car while driving on a rough road. An odontoid fracture went unidentified on the initial radiograph. One month later, she came to our hospital with persistent neck pain. A radiography and computed tomography revealed a C1-two subluxation secondary to the fracture. Posterior occipito-C1-C2-C3 fixation was performed, and the patient wore a halo-vest for two-month post-surgery. After two months, the halo-vest was removed, and the patient was not experiencing any pain or neurological deficits. In older patients, even minor head trauma can result in cervical vertebral fractures. Therefore, potential fractures should be considered during initial evaluations to avoid the serious consequences of an incorrect initial diagnosis. Care should be taken when choosing between conservative or surgical treatments, considering all potential risks and complications.