Rejected

Medical students are more prone to suffer from various physiological and psychological problems but rather than seeking for formal health care, they tend to do informal consultation and often practice self medication. Thus, this study aimed to find out the health seeking behavior of medical students.

Neuropathic pain has a prevalence of 2-17% in the general population. Diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain are not fully described in different populations. The aim was to determine the treatment patterns and direct costs of care associated with the management of neuropathic pain from the onset of the first symptom to up to two years after diagnosis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of joint disease associated with cartilage breakdown. However, the role played by mitochondrial dysfunction in OA remains inadequately understood. Therefore, we investigated the role played by p66shc during oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in OA and the effects of p66shc downregulation on OA progression.

A significant paucity of literature exists relating to the impact on children of parental neurological disorder, with the exception of multiple sclerosis. The wider literature in this field (parental cancer, depression, alcoholism, HIV/AIDS) exhibits the many potential challenges young people might experience during serious parental illness. Given this, a literature review of parental neurological disorder is long overdue.

Labor analgesia is part of the most important tasks an anesthesiologist needs to deal with. With the "two-child policy" in China, the number of parturients has increased significantly, labor analgesia more should be valued. There has been a tremendous change on labor analgesia research in China and around the world; however, broader trends in the prevalence and scope of labor analgesia research remain underexplored. The current study quantitatively analyzes trends in labor analgesia research publications in the past 30 years.

A 37-year-old man presented with firm, skin-colored papules and nodules on his back and chest, which had been appearing during the past 7 years (Figure 1a). The patient denied any associated pruritus, pain, or ulcerations. Further history revealed he had a repaired omphalocele during childhood. Physical examination revealed a large body habitus, with asymmetric overgrowth of the right extremities when compared to the left. In addition, the patient had bilateral anterior linear earlobe creases, preauricular pits, and posterior helical pits (Figure 1b). There was no evidence of rheumatologic and endocrine disorders or paraproteinemia.

The application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) is accelerating, and this includes the uncontrolled cosmetic use of the BoNTA. Diffusion of BoNTA can disturb neuromuscular transmission in several surrounding and distant muscles and result in clinical manifestations similar to myasthenia gravis (MG).

Chronic daily headache is a group of headache syndromes including most commonly chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache, which often overlap, are complicated by medication overuse and are disabling, costly, and variable responsive to western pharmacotherapeutic interventions. There is growing research and awareness of integrative health approaches and therapies to address patients with chronic headache, yet limited examples of how to deliver this approach. This article reviews a commonly seen challenging case of a patient with overlapping chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache complicated by medication overuse managed with an integrative east-west medicine intervention. This included person-centered biopsychosocial history taking, traditional Chinese medicine informed acupuncture, trigger point injections, and contributing factors modifications. A narrative review of the literature is presented to demonstrate an evidence-informed rationale for incorporating nonpharmacologic approaches to effectively help reduce the symptom burden of this patient population.

Migraine and asthma are two frequent, disabling, chronic disorders with a major impact on patient well-being. The objectives of this study were to compare subjective well-being between patients with severe forms of migraine or asthma using a panel of PROs.

Migraine is a common, painful and highly disabling neurological condition that has plagued mankind for millennia, but its pathophysiology remained largely obscure until recently. The clinical success of triptans for treating migraine and the discovery that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a prominent role in migraine led to increased research interest into this disease. An important improvement has been the development of monoclonal antibodies, including galcanezumab, that bind to CGRP or to its receptor, preventing its activation. Subsequent clinical trials have reported that galcanezumab is safe and well tolerated, and is effective in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks in patients with episodic or chronic migraine. At the same time, increased study of the pathophysiology of cluster headache, a relatively rare condition with excruciatingly painful headache attacks (i.e., "suicide headaches"), led to the discovery that, as in migraine, CGRP plays an important role in its pathology. Clinical trials suggest that galcanezumab is safe and effective for the prevention of episodic cluster headache, and it is under study for chronic cluster headache. Galcanezumab is approved for the prevention of migraine in the U.S., the European Union, Canada and Mexico, and was also approved for the treatment of episodic cluster headache in the U.S.