Rejected

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumour. It is usually benign but may behave as a malignant tumour with multiple recurrences and metastases. We present the case of a young woman with weight loss associated with diffuse abdominal pain, who was shown to have a large pancreatic mass. Investigation revealed fusocellular mesenchymal neoplasia, compatible with the diagnosis of IMT. As the mass was unresectable, glucocorticoid therapy was initiated with an excellent response and regression of the tumour.

Safer and minimal invasive treatment options with minor side effects are in great demand in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a micro-destructive procedure that could be applied repeatedly without irreversible damage to target tissue. However, few studies have reported the long-term clinical outcomes of PRF in the management of idiopathic GPN patients.

Cervical dystonia (CD), the most common focal dystonia, is a chronic neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, leading to abnormal postures. AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) was approved in the US initially as a 500 U per 1-mL dilution and subsequently, as a 500 U/2-mL dilution (or 250 U/mL), thereby providing clinicians with more flexible dosing options to better meet individual patient needs. The objective of this open-label extension study was to evaluate the longer term safety and efficacy of repeat treatments with aboBoNT-A using 2-mL dilutions in adults with cervical dystonia.

Flavonoid monomers are proved to have an anti-inflammatory effect and may also be promising for chronic pain treatment. In the present study, the analgesic effect and the relevant mechanisms of luteoloside, one of the flavonoid monomers, were investigated.

We present a case of C1/C2 osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa complicated by atlantoaxial subluxation. This case is unique because surgical fixation of the spine was delayed, and despite clearance of the infection with antibiotics, the patient developed cervical myelopathy and required instrumented spinal fusion surgery. He presented with 1 month of fever, headache and worsening neck stiffness. An MRI of his cervical spine showed C1/C2 osteomyelitis with atlantoaxial subluxation. He was initially treated non-operatively with prolonged intravenous antibiotics and external immobilisation of his cervical spine. However, the first course of antibiotics failed, and he represented with a progression of his infection to the contralateral ear. He declined surgical intervention and completed a second course of antibiotics. Unfortunately, he eventually progressed to cervical myelopathy and subsequently underwent posterior C1 decompression with occipital to C4 instrumentation. There was no biochemical or bacterial culture evidence of infection at the time of the surgery. This case highlights the potential challenges in the management of cervical osteomyelitis-optimal duration of antibiotics is not supported by strong evidence and the clinician will therefore have to decide each treatment in the context of the patient. Spinal instability may still remain an issue after adequate treatment of the infection.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease and a significant cause of joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of motion. At present, no specific treatment is available, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising potentials in this regard. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the repairing potentials of stem cells derived from the synovium and fat pad in the treatment of OA.

The application of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) current to peripheral nerves with conditions related to neuropathic pain is considered to be clinically safe, while it has been reported that the destruction of mitochondria after PRF application was observed by electron microscopy. If it occurs reproducibly, PRF applied to peripheral nerves should provoke neurolysis because the impairment of mitochondria is known as the primary cause of apoptosis.

Arteriovenous fistula is a common vascular abnormality of spinal cord and meninges. This disease is more common in young men. Clinical manifestation includes progressive sensitive and motor disorders. However, acute symptoms including impaired consciousness, head or back pain are also possible. The authors describe a rare case. A 15-year-old boy experienced acute depression of consciousness accompanied by headache, vomiting, weakness in the upper limbs and sensitive disorders. The patient was hospitalized to the intensive care unit and examined for subarachnoid hemorrhage. MRI of the head and cervical spine and direct invasive angiography were performed. Perimedullary AVF of cervical spinal cord was diagnosed. Complete clinical regression was observed within a month. Microsurgical removal of AVF was performed in scheduled fashion. Postoperative follow-up period was over 6 months.

Suicide is an unresolved psychiatric and public health emergency, claiming 800,000 lives each year, however, its neurobiological etiology is still not understood. In spite of original reports concerning the involvement of in interaction with recent stress in the appearance of suicidal ideation and attempts, replication studies have yielded contradictory results. In our study, we analyzed the association between and lifetime suicide attempts, current suicidal ideation, hopelessness and thoughts of death as main effects, and in interaction with childhood adversities, recent stress, and different types of recent life events in a general population sample.

Despite having some benefits, self-medication increases risks such as unnecessary use of medication, extended duration of consumption, incorrect diagnosis, drug-drug interactions, and polypharmacy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare self-medication practice between medical and nonmedical students of the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on medical and nonmedical students of the University of Gondar from March 25 to May 15, 2018. A comparative sample of 213 medical and 212 nonmedical students were enrolled in the study. Data were collected by physically visiting the students in their campuses, using a semistructured questionnaire. Of the participants with a history of medication use in the past 12 months, 64.5% practiced self-medication. The prevalence of self-medication was 59.7% among medical students and 69.0% among nonmedical students. "Knowing the treatment of the disease" was the most frequent reason behind self-medication. Analgesics/antipyretics were the most common categories of medications used, whereas headache was the predominant ailment for which the medications were used. Self-medication practice was found to be higher in the fifth year students and nonmedical students ( < 0.05). In conclusion, self-medication is common among students of the University of Gondar. Nonmedical students were more likely to have practiced self-medication as compared to medical students.