Rejected

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. MF/SS is accompanied by considerable morbidity from pain, itching and disfigurement.

To report the one-year pre and postoperative analgesic use in patients undergoing primary surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) and assess risk factors for chronic postoperative opioid use.

To compare pediatric migraine treatment efficacy in the emergency department before and after the implementation of a comprehensive migraine initiative, consisting of a standardized treatment protocol, provider educational series and standardized physician documentation template.

Although smokers with co-occurring pain report expectations for experiencing greater nicotine withdrawal and difficulty quitting, limited work has examined the role of pain in cessation-related outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine clinically relevant pain characteristics (pain persistence, pain intensity, pain-related disability) as predictors of withdrawal and smoking lapse/relapse outcomes using a laboratory paradigm of cessation. Participants ( = 120 daily cigarette smokers; 48% male; = 36.17, SD = 12.16; = 20.51, SD = 6.99) were randomized to either nondeprived or 12-hr nicotine deprivation conditions prior to an experimental study visit. Upon arrival to the laboratory, participants completed measures of pain characteristics and nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Primary outcomes included nicotine withdrawal scores and analogues of smoking lapse (latency to initiating smoking) and relapse (number of cigarettes smoked). We hypothesized that smokers with greater pain persistence, pain intensity, and pain-related disability would endorse more severe nicotine withdrawal and greater lapse/relapse behavior, and that these positive associations would be stronger among those who were nicotine deprived. Results indicated that, above and beyond the effect of nicotine deprivation, persistent pain predicted more severe nicotine withdrawal, and that greater pain-related disability predicted quicker latency to lapse during the laboratory paradigm. Contrary to expectation, nicotine deprivation did not moderate effects of pain characteristics on withdrawal or lapse/relapse outcomes. Clinical implications include that different pain processes may influence different cessation outcomes, and that smokers in pain may benefit from the provision of pharmacological aids to better control withdrawal symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of computerized tomography-guided sphenopalatine ganglion-targeted pulsed radiofrequency treatment for patients with refractory episodic and chronic CH.

Chronic anal fissure (CAF) is a common painful anal condition. Medical treatment of CAF involves the use of agents that induce chemical sphincterotomy. The present trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of topical minoxidil and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) preparations in treatment of CAF.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a regional neuropathic pain syndrome. Excruciating pain often interferes with patients' ability to function normally. Spinal cord stimulators (SCS) have been effective in treating pain along with signs of sympathetic overactivity in patients with CRPS. Implantation of SCS is a high-risk interventional procedure with the potential for serious bleeding and neurological consequences in the spine. Meticulous evaluation and careful optimization are needed in patients with bleeding disorders.

The act of nonmedical switching, defined as switching stable patients who are generally doing well with their current therapy from an originator biologic to its biosimilar, has been endorsed as a reasonable treatment strategy. The safety and efficacy of nonmedical switching have been evaluated in randomized controlled and real-world evidence studies, which have demonstrated that although many patients maintain treatment response after the switch, some patients experience therapy failure, resulting in therapy discontinuation. It has been postulated that the vast majority, if not all, of these treatment failures result from a "nocebo effect", defined as patients' negative expectations toward the therapy change. Reports suggest that the risk of a nocebo effect is higher following a mandated nonmedical switch. Although the nocebo effect is a well-recognized phenomenon in pain studies, evidence is limited in immune-mediated diseases primarily because it is difficult to quantify, especially retrospectively. In spite of this, numerous biosimilar studies in patients with immune-mediated diseases have concluded that nonmedical switching failures are due to a nocebo effect. The objective of this narrative review was to explore the reasons for nonmedical switch failure or discontinuation and the role of the nocebo effect among patients with inflammatory rheumatic and gastrointestinal diseases who switched from an originator biologic to its biosimilar.

Associations between extreme temperatures and health outcomes, such as mortality and morbidity, are often observed. However, relatively little research has investigated the role of extreme temperatures upon ambulance dispatches.

As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas has been used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for more than 1000 years in China. Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) is extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the major active component of TGP. Our research group has done a lot of work in the pharmacological mechanisms of Pae and found that Pae possessed extensive anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. Pae could inhibit inflammation in the animal models of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental arthritis, psoriatic mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and so on. Pae modulates the functions and activation of immune cells, decreases inflammatory medium production, and restores abnormal signal pathway. Pae could balance the subsets of immune cells through inhibiting abnormal activated cell subsets and restoring regulatory cell subsets. Pae could regulate signaling pathways (GPCR pathway, MAPKs /NF-κB patway, PI3K /Akt /mTOR pathway, JAK2 /STAT3 pathway, TGFβ /Smads, and etc.). TGP is composed of Pae, hydroxyl-paeoniflorin, paeonin, albiflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin etc. Pae accounts for more than 40% of TGP. Like Pae, TGP has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. TGP has been widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and etc. in China. Furthermore, TGP has some superior features with immune regulation, gentle effect, many indications and few adverse drug reactions. These findings suggest that TGP may be a promising anti-inflammatory and immune drug with soft regulation and has more superiority in the treatment of AIDs. Currently, TGP is used for the treatment of RA, SLE and other AIDs in more than 1000 hospitals in China, which obtained great social and economic benefits.