Rejected

To report the pregnancy outcomes on patients with chronic migraine exposed to onabotulinumtoxinA from Hull Headache Clinic.

Although a common complaint and related to factors frequently present in medical residency such as psychological distress, depression, and anxiety, headache is an issue poorly explored among medical residents.

Migraine is a common chronic neurovascular disease, characterized by headaches. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling in the trigeminovascular system plays a critical role in the development of migraine. The monoclonal antibodies against CGRP and its receptor have been used clinically for the prevention of migraine, however, they may not be a cost-effective option for patients with low-frequency episodic migraine. Thus, it is quite valuable to search for an alternative strategy to downregulate CGRP signaling. Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis (UR) has a long-term history for the treatment of cardiovascular and central nervous systems disorders in China and Eastern Asia. Several clinical studies showed that famous herbal formulas comprising UR were able to improve headaches in migraineurs. In addition, increasing in vivo studies further indicated that migraine-related changes such as CGRP increase, inflammation, nitric oxide increase, and spontaneous behavior problems can be reduced by UR extraction and its active constituents. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological factors affecting abnormal CGRP release in the trigeminovascular system during migraine, and for the first time analyze the effects of UR on these factors and evaluate the potentials of UR for the treatment of migraine.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe joint degeneration disease in elderly people described by the advanced degradation of articular cartilage, which ultimately leads to chronic pain. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) exerted its anti-inflammatory function in numerous disease syndromes; however, its role in the pathogenesis of OA remains unknown. The current research aimed to explore the potential protective impact of TCA in the progression of osteoarthritis in vitro.

Metronidazole desensitization is recommended in patients with trichomoniasis and history of an allergic reaction to metronidazole due to presumed cross reactivity with tinidazole and lack of reliably safe and effective alternative therapies. We report our experiences in a patient with persistent trichomoniasis who failed to complete metronidazole desensitization due to a burning sensation over her whole body and pruritus but was later successfully desensitized to tinidazole without experiencing any adverse effects.

the percutaneous hepatic biopsy is a necessary procedure for the diagnosis of liver diseases which can cause complications and psychological discomfort for the patient.

Gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and fever are frequent causes of visits to the pediatrician. The increasing prevalence of chronic gastrointestinal tract diseases, and the falling median age of their onset, indicate the need to identify new diagnostic methods that can differentiate inflammatory bowel diseases from other gastrointestinal tract conditions. A promising non-invasive and useful marker of intestinal inflammation is fecal calprotectin. The manuscript summarizes currently available information on the use of fecal calprotectin in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in children. It also attempts to determine the effect of concentration on its course of action. Incorporating fecal calprotectin (FC) testing within the framework of primary medical care can decrease the number of children unnecessarily referred for endoscopic or radiologic examination. FC screening benefits patients by reducing any delay in diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary exposure to endoscopy, and benefits physicians by reducing pressure on endoscopy testing and assisting the decision. The present paper emphasizes the role of fecal calprotectin as a non-invasive marker for monitoring disease activity and efficacy of therapy, and predicting postoperative relapses, primarily in patients with IBD.

An epidemic of CKD in Central America predominantly affects males working in certain industries, including sugarcane. Urinary tract infections are commonly diagnosed among men in Nicaragua, who often receive antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for urinary symptoms.

Analgesia during pregnancy is often necessary. Due to their widespread availability, many mothers opt to use over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics. Those analgesic compounds and their metabolites can readily cross the placenta and reach the developing foetus. Evidence for safety or associations with adverse health outcomes is conflicting, limiting definitive decision-making for healthcare professionals.

Upright positions during the second stage of labour are assumed to have many physiological advantages that may facilitate normal birth. Clarifying the underlying benefits and risks of upright positions plays an important role in the implementation of upright positions. The benefits and risks of upright positions during the second stage of labour have been explored in several systematic reviews, but the results are divergent.