Rejected

Omadacycline is a semisynthetic aminomethylcycline antibacterial derived from the tetracycline class. It is approved in the USA to treat adults with acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Since the accidental introduction of the yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in France in 2004, there have been reports of this insect unexpectedly projecting a liquid toward the human face, but ocular morbidity associated with this is unknown, to our knowledge.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been associated with improved survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but are also associated with adverse effects, especially fatigue and diarrhea. Discontinuation of TKIs is safe and is associated with the successful achievement of treatment-free remission (TFR) for some patients.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic and painful bladder condition afflicting patients with increased urinary urgency and frequency as well as incontinence. Owing to the elusive pathogenesis of IC/BPS, obtaining effective therapeutic outcomes remains challenging. Current administrational routes such as intravesical-bladder injection improve the treatment efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. However, the bladder permeability barrier hinders drug penetration into the bladder wall to meet the desired therapeutic expectation. These issues can be addressed by encapsulating drugs into biomaterials. When appropriately exploited, they would increase the drug dwelling time in the bladder, enhance the penetration of mucosa and improve the therapeutic response of IC/BPS. In this review, we first elucidate the pathogenesis and animal models of IC/BPS. Then, we highlight recent representative biomaterial-assisted drug delivery systems for IC/BPS treatment. Finally, we discuss the challenges and outlook for further developing biomaterial-based delivery systems for IC/BPS management.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare postoperative complication that is treated with antibiotic spacers. Some patients develop severe, treatment-resistant, chronic PJI despite multiple attempts at salvaging the joint. Permanent resection of the joint or amputation may be the only definitive treatment. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes, infection resolution rate, and complications of two-stage revision, utilizing extensive resection of the affected bone and application of antibiotic megaspacers as a modality for limb-salvage. A review of 12 patients, initially referred for amputation due to chronically failed PJI, was conducted. All patients underwent extensive resection of the bone and surgical implantation of a custom-made antibiotic megaspacer between December 2016 and June 2019. Thirteen megaspacers were placed in 13 infected joints in 12 patients with a history of chronic PJI. Six patients (50%) had a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Eradication of the infection leading to limb-salvage was successful in 9 patients. VAS pain scores improved by 3.5, or 50%, after two-stage revision with megaprosthesis reimplantation (p=0.008), and 6 patients (54.5%) had improvement in ambulation. Complication rates, not including re-infection or recurrence, following megaspacer and megaprosthesis reimplantation were 58.3% and 27.3%, respectively. One patient underwent amputation due to life threatening infection while two other patients underwent amputation due to debilitating complications following limb-salvage surgery. Statement of Clinical Significance: In patients whose PJI becomes treatment-resistant after multiple failed attempts at traditional two-stage exchange, performing extensive boney resection with placement of an antibiotic-laden megaspacer can be an effective method of achieving limb-salvage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

To compare the analgesic and functional outcomes of continuous neuroablative radiofrequency (CNARF) and pulsed neuromodulative radiofrequency (PNMRF) treatment of genicular nerves up to 1 year after the intervention and to identify predictors associated with a successful outcome (defined as an at least 50% reduction in the pre-interventional visual analog scale [VAS] rating) after genicular radiofrequency treatment.

Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and its incidence in children is rising. Despite extensive reports and investigations, the pathogenesis of CD has not been clearly elucidated, particularly in regard to triggering factors. A genetic predisposition is considered important when investigating the mechanism leading to CD, and the discovery of new CD-associated genes has increased our understanding of its immunopathogenesis and improved the efficacy of its treatment of CD. Early detection and treatment (eg, as children) with gene-based precision therapy can effectively prevent complications related to CD. In this case, a Chinese Han boy with CD associated with a mutation of tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 was treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-a receptor II:IgG Fc fusion protein. We suspected the boy had CD because of chronic abdominal pain, aphthous stomatitis, moderate anemia, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (36-79 mm/h), multiple intestinal ulcers, knee joint swelling, and a tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 mutation. After total enteral nutrition and hormone therapy for 5 months, his abdominal pain and joint symptoms did not improve, so we started gene-based precision therapy with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-a receptor II: IgG Fc fusion protein, which may play an important role in restricting TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling. After 3 weeks, inflammation indicators were within the normal range, and multiple ulcers and joint symptoms were relieved. The present case demonstrates a safe therapeutic schedule that leads to rapid improvements in the clinical and biochemical status of patients with CD.

This is a phase II randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for preventive treatment of episodic migraine amongst migraine subjects.

Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complain from olfactory dysfunction (OD). To evaluate the prevalence, prognosis, and recovery from OD in COVID-19 patients.

Psychological distress is associated with a range of negative outcomes including lower quality of life and an increased risk of premature all-cause mortality. The prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological distress among middle-aged and older Canadians are understudied. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, this study examined factors associated with psychological distress among adults between 45 and 85 years, including refugee status and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related and social support characteristics. Psychological distress was measured by Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 scores. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher among the 244 refugees (23.8%), compared to 23,149 Canadian-born Canadians (12.8%) and 4,765 non-refugee immigrants (12.6%), despite the fact that the average time the refugees had lived in Canada was more than four decades. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated refugees had twice the age-sex adjusted odds of psychological distress (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.07). Even after further adjustment for 16 potential risk factors, a significant relationship remained between refugee status and psychological distress (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.17). Other significant factors associated with psychological distress included younger age, female gender, visible minority status, lower household income, not having an undergraduate degree, multimorbidities, chronic pain, and lack of social support. Policies and interventions addressing psychological distress among Canadians in mid- to later life should target refugees and other vulnerable groups.