Rejected

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors have poor prognosis. Intrathecal chemotherapy through the Ommaya reservoir (OR) is one of the options for treating LM; however, OR-related bacterial meningitis (ORRBM) is a severe complication in patients who underwent OR placement. Little is known about the incidence rate and prognosis of ORRBM among patients with LM from solid tumors.

Sesquiterpene lactones (SL) are natural bioactive molecules indicated as potential scaffolds for anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug design. However, their anti-inflammatory applicability remains underestimated since the impact of SL on inflammatory nociception and tissue repair are overlooked. Thus, we used an integrated in silico, in vitro and in vivo framework to investigate the impact of tagitinin F (TAG-F) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages, excisional skin wounds, and carrageenan-induced paw edema and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. RAW 264.7 macrophages in culture were challenged with LPS and treated with TAG-F (5, 10, 50 and 100 µM). The paw of BALB/c mice was injected with carrageenan and treated with 0.5% and 1% TAG-F. Excisional wounds were also produced in BALB/c mice and treated with 0.5% and 1% TAG-F. Our results indicated a consistent concentration-dependent downregulation in 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 2 (MMP-1 and MMP-2) activities; as well as attenuation in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in both in vitro and in vivo models. In vivo, TAG-F also attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. From the excisional skin wound, TAG-F was still effective in reducing neutrophils and macrophages infiltration and stimulating collagen deposition in the scar tissue, accelerating tissue maturation. Together, our findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of TAG-F is more comprehensive than previously suggested, exerting a significant impact on the control of edema, inflammatory pain and modulating central metabolic processes linked to skin wound healing.

The selection of control group is crucial, as the use of an inadequate group may strongly affect the results. In this study we examine the effect on contralateral tissue protein levels, in a model of unilateral UVB irradiation, as the contralateral side is commonly used as a control. Previous studies have shown that UVB irradiation increases immunoreactivity for inflammatory regulated neuropeptides. Unilateral UVB irradiation of rat hind paw was performed and corresponding contralateral spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected 2-96 h after and investigated for changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity. Control tissue was collected from naïve rats. Measurement of skin blood flow from contralateral heel hind paws (Doppler), revealed no change compared to naïve rats. However, UVB irradiation caused a significant reduction in the contralateral proportion of galanin immunopositive DRG neurons, at all-time points, as well as an increase in the contralateral spinal cord dorsal horn, around the central canal and in the lateral spinal nucleus (2-48 h). The contralateral proportion of SP positive DRG neurons and dorsal horn immunoreactivity was unchanged, whereas the lateral spinal nucleus area showed increased immunoreactivity (48 h). UVB irradiation also induced a slight contralateral upregulation of c-fos in the dorsal horn/central canal area (24 and 48 h). In summary, unilateral UVB irradiation induced contralateral changes in inflammatory/nociceptive neuropeptides in spinal cord and afferent pathways involved in pain signaling already within 24 h, a time point when also ipsilateral neurochemical/physiological changes have been reported for rats and humans.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10566.].

Pain is a recognized complication of mid-urethral slings (MUS), which may lead to suburethral sling removal (SSR) alone, or to a more extensive removal approach. We report on the outcomes of women who required an SSR or an additional secondary MUS arm removal for pain only.

Evaluate whether intraprocedural MRI monitoring of percutaneous cryoablation procedures of head and neck, and spine lesions is effective for avoiding iatrogenic neurovascular and mucosal injury.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the yield of head CT in the ED in different age groups and different referral indications.

Intraoperative computed tomography (CT) is becoming more widely utilized in spine fusion surgeries. The use of CT-based image guidance has been shown to increase the accuracy in instrumentation placement and to reduce the rate of reoperation. However, incidental findings that are obvious in retrospect are still missed in spinal fusion surgeries due to the concept of inattentional blindness and surgeons' preoccupation with the main objective of intraoperative CT (i.e. instrumentation accuracy).

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is widely used in analgesia for different conditions. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of MgSO4 on renal colic; however, this new evidence has not been synthesized. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of MgSO4 in comparison with control for renal colic.

Uremic pruritus (UP) is a common and tormenting symptom in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. An increasing number of studies have been published in recent years to support the effectiveness of montelukast for UP. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate effectiveness of montelukast for UP in hemodialysis patients.