Rejected

To determine the clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of pancreatitis in paediatric population.

The canalis sinuosus (CS) and its accessory canals (ACs) are anatomical structures in the anterior maxilla. These structures are often neglected when planning implant surgery because their clinical significance is still not well-defined. After a retrospective evaluation of 194 patients rehabilitated with dental implants in the anterior maxilla, 3 patients were identified who presented unexpected chronic neurosensory disturbances without any clinical signs supportive of implant failure. Tomographic assessment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed the invasion of the CS and ACs by dental implants, which appeared to explain the patients' symptoms. The purpose of this report was to familiarize practicing dentists and specialists with the CS and its ACs. Unanticipated neurosensory symptoms after implant placement in the anterior maxilla justify the use of CBCT to rule out an injury to this neurovascular bundle.

Progressive family intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive disease that causes chronic cholestasis. It is associated with pathogenic variants in genes that encode proteins involved in bile secretion to canaliculus from hepatocytes. In this study, we present a 16-year-old boy who presented with severe pruritus and cholestatic jaundice. All possible infectious etiologies were negative. A liver biopsy was consistent with intrahepatic cholestasis and portal fibrosis. DNA was isolated from a peripheral blood sample, and whole exome sequencing was performed. A novel c.3484G > T/p.Glu162Ter variant in the gene and a c.208G> A/p.Asp70Asn variant in the gene were detected. Despite traditional treatment, the patient's recurrent severe symptoms did not improve. The patient was referred for a liver transplantation. This novel c.3484G > T/p.Glu162Ter variant is associated with a severe and recurrent presentation, and the two compound variants could explain the severity of PFIC.

Microvascular compression on the trigeminal root entry zone (TREZ) is the main aetiology of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients. To investigate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and TREZ, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used in a rat TN model. Both BDNF and GDNF were observed in the TG neurons and TREZ. The expression of the BDNF dimer in the TG was increased in the TN group, while GDNF expression was decreased after compression injury. The BDNF dimer/pro-BDNF ratio in the TREZ of the TN group was higher than that in the sham group, but the GDNF expression in the TREZ was significantly lower than that in the sham group. These results suggested that compression injury in the TREZ of rats induced dynamic changes in BDNF and GDNF in both the TG and TREZ, and these changes are involved in the nociceptive transmission of the TN animal model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the joint, affecting over 30 million people in the US. A key characteristic of OA is chondrocyte hypertrophy, characterized by chondrocyte changes to a more rounded and osteoblastic phenotype, characterized by increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. While there are no cures for OA, treatments focus on mitigating pain and inflammation, the two main symptoms of OA. However, the analgesics, NSAIDS and corticosteroids commonly used, do not target regeneration and have negative side effects. Local anesthetics (LA) can be used as a pain management alternative but are usually short lasting and therefore, not suited for chronic conditions such as OA. Our engineered sustained release local anesthetic construct successfully delivers bupivacaine for an extended period of time. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of the LA system on chondrocytes in an inflammatory OA-like environment.

The management of Lisfranc injuries is challenging considering the broad spectrum of energy involved and highly variable clinical presentation. Despite the advances in surgical techniques, subtle Lisfranc injuries can lead to chronic pain and permanent disability. Surgical treatment is mandatory for all the unstable injuries; however, the best surgical technique remains controversial. The most predictive factor for a successful outcome is the maintenance of anatomic alignment; therefore, the selection of the appropriate surgical technique is of paramount importance. This article reviews the current treatment options and describes the selection of the surgical technique based on the different clinical presentations.

Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of endometrial growth beyond the uterine cavity. It is a debilitating disease requiring multiple modalities of treatment. In considering surgery as the option of treatment, the benefits should outweigh the risk. Besides direct surgical risk, intervention may lead to a reduction of ovarian reserve, in addition to premature menopause and low fecundity. To date, there is an inconclusive evidence to support any specific parameters in monitoring disease progression following surgical intervention. Serum cancer antigen (CA)-125 is expressed by coelomic epithelium and has been extensively studied as a biomarker for endometriosis. Elevated expression of CA-125 has been shown in endometrial tissues and the marker increased indirectly from peritoneal irritation that accompanies an extensive form of endometriosis. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores have been used as an objective measurement for measuring pain, especially in a complex disease such as endometriosis. This review aims to consolidate a series of clinical trials that utilised CA-125 level and VAS score as tools for monitoring patients undergoing surgery for endometriosis.

Mastoid osteomas of the temporal bone are rare, benign, and usually asymptomatic tumors. However, depending on their size and extension, mastoid osteomas may cause facial palsy, a sensation of ear fullness, pressure-related pain, hearing loss, recurrent external ear infections, and chronic discharge. The etiology of mastoid osteomas is still unknown, but congenital, infectious, and traumatic factors have been proposed. Surgical treatment may be performed with minimal postoperative morbidity. In this article, the authors report a case of a 48-year-old woman seeking orthodontic treatment with an unusual retroauricular protruding mass, including the diagnostic process and differential diagnosis. This case supports the essential role of cone-beam computed tomography to analyze and identify the lesion as a mastoid osteoma.

We report a unique outbreak of Rift Valley fever in the Eldamar area, Sudan, May-July 2019, that resulted in 1,129 case-patients and 19 (1.7%) deaths. Patients exhibited clinical signs including fever (100%), headache (79%), and bleeding (4%). Most (98%) patients also reported death and abortions among their livestock.