Rejected

: The Revised Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire Version-2 (SF-MPQ-2) is a multidimensional outcome measure designed to evaluate neuropathic and nonneuropathic pain. A recent systematic review found insufficient psychometric data with respect to musculoskeletal health conditions. : The aim of this study was to describe the reproducibility (reliability and agreement) and internal consistency of the SF-MPQ-2 for use among patients with musculoskeletal shoulder pain. : Eligible patients with shoulder pain from musculoskeletal (MSK) sources completed the SF-MPQ-2 at baseline ( = 195), and a subset did so again after 3 to 7 days ( = 48) if their response to the global rating of change scale remained unchanged. Cronbach's alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[2,1]) were calculated. Standard error of measurement (SEM), group and individual minimal detectable change (MDC90), and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement. : Cronbach's α ranged from 0.83 to 0.95, suggesting very satisfactory internal consistency across the SF-MPQ-2 domains. Excellent ICC(2,1) scores were found in support of the total (0.95) and continuous (0.92) subscales; the remaining subscales displayed good ICC(2,1) scores (0.78-0.88). Bland-Altman analysis revealed no systematic bias between the test and retest scores (mean difference = 0.13 to 0.19). Though the best agreement coefficients were seen on the total scale (SEM = 0.5; MDC90 = 1.2, MDC90 = 0.3), they were acceptable for the SF-MPQ-2 subscales (SEM: range, 0.7-1; MDC90: range, 1.7-2.3; MDC90: range, 0.4-0.5). : The SF-MPQ-2 provides good to excellent test-retest reliability for multidimensional pain assessment among patients with musculoskeletal shoulder pain conditions.

Pain is a complex neurobiological response with a multitude of causes; however, patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report chronic pain with no known etiology. Recent research has been aimed toward identifying the causal mechanisms of pain in mouse and human models of ASD. In recent years, efforts have been made to better document and explore secondary phenotypes observed in ASD patients in the clinic. As new sequencing studies have become more powered with larger cohorts within ASD, specific genes and their variants are often left uncharacterized or validated. In this review we highlight ASD risk genes often presented with pain comorbidities.

Nearly 20% of children and adolescents have pain with disability 1 year after surgery, and they experience poor sleep, school absence, and decreased activities. Negative clinical, psychological, and developmental effects include greater pain medication use, longer recovery, and fear of future medical care. Research has found psychological and family influences (i.e., child and parental anxiety) on pediatric chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), but a better understanding of the role of perioperative anxiety and its related states in predicting pediatric postsurgical pain is needed. The poor understanding of the causes of child CPSP can lead to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment, with significant short- and long-term effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on children's perioperative anxiety and parental anxiety in relation to acute postsurgical pain, CPSP, and pain trajectories. We also examined other related psychological factors (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and fear of pain) in relation to pediatric acute and chronic postsurgical pain. Lastly, we discuss the interventions that may be effective in reducing children's and parents' preoperative anxiety. Our findings may improve the understanding of the causes of CPSP and highlight the gaps in research and need for further study.

: Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (SLSS) is a condition in which narrowing of the spinal canal results in entrapment and compression of neurovascular structures. Decompressive surgery, with or without spinal fusion, is recommended for those with severe symptoms for whom conservative management has failed. However, significant persistent pain, functional limitations, and narcotic use can affect up to one third of patients postsurgery. : The aim of this study will be to identify predictors of outcomes 1-year post SLSS surgery with a focus on modifiable predictors. : The Canadian Spine Outcomes Research Network (CSORN) is a large database of prospectively collected data on pre- and postsurgical outcomes among surgical patients. We include participants with a primary diagnosis of SLSS undergoing their first spine surgery. Outcomes are measured at 12 months after surgery and include back and leg pain, disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), walking capacity (ODI item 4), health-related quality of life, and an overall recovery composite outcome (clinically important changes in pain, disability, and quality of life). Predictors include demographics (education level, work status, marital status, age, sex, body mass index), physical activity level, smoking status, previous conservative treatments, medication intake, depression, patient expectations, and other comorbidities. A multivariate partial least squares model is used to identify predictors of outcomes. : Study results will inform targeted SLSS interventions, either for the selection of best candidates for surgery or the identification of targets for presurgical rehabilitation programs.

The understanding of pain pathophysiology is continuously evolving. Identifying underlying cellular and subcellular pathways helps create opportunities for targeted therapies that may prove to be effective interventions. This article is an update on four areas of developing knowledge as it pertains to clinical management of patients with pain: nerve growth factor antagonists, microglial modulation, AMP-activated protein kinase activators, and genetic pain factors. Each of these areas represents novel targets for targeted therapies to prevent, treat, and modify the disease course of acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain. Currently most pain management techniques do not target these pathways directly, but there is promising evidence to suggest that the field is advancing toward available therapies in the near future.

Dimethyl fumarate is a medication approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The purpose of the  study was to evaluate the safety and persistence of dimethyl fumarate in  clinical practice and analyze the occurrence of lymphopenia is patients  treated with dimethyl fumarate over a period of at least 6 months.

Screening for secondary hypertension (HTN) is recommended for early-onset HTN. However, there have been few studies on secondary HTN in young adults. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for secondary HTN in young male military personnel. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, hypertensive men (age, 19-29 years) were identified using the electronic medical records (EMR) database between 2011 and 2017. Among them, patients with secondary HTN were confirmed through a review of the EMR. Using clinical characteristics and laboratory findings, independent predictors associated with secondary HTN were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. Secondary HTN was confirmed in 140 of 6373 participants (2.2%). Overall, the most common causes were polycystic kidney disease (n = 47, 0.74%) and renal parenchymal diseases (n = 24, 0.38%). The independent predictors of secondary HTN were abnormal thyroid function test (TFT) (odds ratio [OR]: 9.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.84-19.45, P < 0.001), proteinuria (≥ trace) (OR: 6.13, 95% CI: 2.97-12.99, P < 0.001), hematuria (≥ trace) (OR: 4.37, 95% CI: 2.15-9.01, P < 0.001), severe HTN (≥ 180/110 mmHg) (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.42-6.65, P = 0.004), and non-overweight (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.69-5.26, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the family history of HTN, headache, total cholesterol, and diabetes between patients with primary and secondary HTN. Therefore, to ensure cost-effectiveness, screening for secondary HTN in young hypertensive men should be performed selectively considering abnormal TFT, proteinuria, hematuria, severe HTN, and non-overweight.

The use of cannabis as medical therapy to treat chronic pain and spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasing. However, the evidence on safety when initiating treatment with medical cannabis oils is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of sublingual medical cannabis oils in patients with MS.

The flower of chrysanthemum, used worldwide as a medicinal and edible product, has shown various bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumorigenic, and hepatoprotective activities, as well as cardiovascular protection. However, the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. on the regulation of osteoclast differentiation has not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. water extract (CME) on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs).