Rejected

The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is raising global anxiety and fear of both real and perceived health threat from the virus. Overwhelming evidence shows infected patients experiencing neuropsychiatric complications, suggesting that the "psychoneuroimmunity" model might be beneficial in understanding the impact of the virus. Therefore, this Special Issue on "Immunopsychiatry of COVID-19 Pandemic" was launched immediately after the pandemic was declared, with the first paper accepted on the March 25, 2020. A total of ninety-three papers were accepted, the last one was on the July 10, 2020 when the initial acute phase started declining. The papers of this Special Issue have illuminated the social impact, psychopathology, neurological manifestation, immunity responses, and potential treatments and prevention on COVID-19. For example, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and suicidal ideation are most common psychiatric manifestations. COVID-19 infection can have central and/or peripheral nervous system symptoms, including headache, sleep disorders, encephalopathy, and loss of taste and smell. A "three-steps" Neuro-COVID infection model (neuro-invasion, clearance and immune response) was established. The current therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 include supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and plasma transfusion. Psychological support should be implemented, improving the psychological wellbeing, as well as to enhance psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19.

The effects of epidural anesthesia in dogs undergoing cystoscopy are unknown.

The vagus nerve is the main nerve of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. Beyond its vegetative functions, the vagus nerve possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Initially developed in the treatment of refractory epilepsy, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is currently being evaluated in several musculoskeletal diseases. VNS can be invasive by placing an electrode around the cervical vagus nerve and connected to a generator implanted subcutaneously or non-invasive stimulating the cervical vagus nerve branch percutaneously (auricular or cervical). In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, VNS has been shown to dampen the inflammatory response of circulatory peripheral cells. Several open-labeled small pilot studies have demonstrated that VNS, either invasive or transcutaneous, is associated with a significant decrease of RA disease activity. As well, other studies have shown that VNS could limit fatigue in Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus, or decrease pain in fibromyalgia as well as in erosive hand osteoarthritis. However, some questions remain, such as the settings of stimulation, the duration of treatment, or the optimal stimulation route. Finally, randomized controlled trials versus sham stimulation with large samples of patients are mandatory to definitively conclude about the efficacy of VNS.

Glioma patients were frequently associated with mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus (MTMS), which reflects mucosal inflammation. We suspected that MTMS is associated with impaired mucosal immune response and correlated with dysfunction in the anti-tumor immune response in diffuse glioma patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of diffuse glioma is correlated with MTMS compared to meningioma and control groups. Furthermore, we investigated whether MTMS is associated with overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. This study included 343 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas and 218 patients with meningioma treated at our institution between 2015 and 2018. As control, 201 patients with headache who did not have an intracranial organic lesion were included. Using three-axis MR images, we evaluated the incidence of MTMS in all patients. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between MTMS and OS. The incidence of MTMS in patients with diffuse glioma was significantly higher than that in the meningioma (p < .0001) and control groups (p < .0001). In 128 patients with GBM, MTMS status correlated significantly with OS (p = .0064). We revealed that the incidence of MTMS is significantly associated with patients with diffuse glioma. This suggests that MTMS is indirectly involved in the occurrence of diffuse gliomas. Furthermore, the presence of MTMS correlated significantly with shorter OS in GBM patients, indicating that MTMS is involved in suppression of anti-tumor immune response. Preoperative recognition of MTMS might be useful for improving the clinical management of GBM patients.

To characterise typical menstrual characteristics in a large sample of secondary school girls, as well as knowledge of typical menstruation, endometriosis awareness and educational needs. To establish whether self-reported atypical period symptoms indicate menstrual characteristics suggesting the need for further clinical review for a specialist opinion.

The success of various therapy methods in the treatment of insomnia and poor quality sleep, both of which play an active role in the chronicization process of migraine, has been the subject of investigation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the success, acceptability, and efficacy of greater occipital nerve block (GON-B) therapy in chronic migraine (CM) patients in improving their sleep quality and developing their beliefs about sleep .

The Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) has been proposed to facilitate clinical decision-making in revascularization for chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). The purpose of this study was to define its relationship to treatment outcomes in CLTI.

Iron is essential for many biological functions and iron deficiency and overload have major health implications. We performed a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies from Iceland, the UK and Denmark of blood levels of ferritin (N = 246,139), total iron binding capacity (N = 135,430), iron (N = 163,511) and transferrin saturation (N = 131,471). We found 62 independent sequence variants associating with iron homeostasis parameters at 56 loci, including 46 novel loci. Variants at DUOX2, F5, SLC11A2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron deficiency anemia, while variants at TF, HFE, TFR2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron overload. A HBS1L-MYB intergenic region variant associates both with increased risk of iron overload and reduced risk of iron deficiency anemia. The DUOX2 missense variant is present in 14% of the population, associates with all iron homeostasis biomarkers, and increases the risk of iron deficiency anemia by 29%. The associations implicate proteins contributing to the main physiological processes involved in iron homeostasis: iron sensing and storage, inflammation, absorption of iron from the gut, iron recycling, erythropoiesis and bleeding/menstruation.

To determine the benefit of performing multiple tibial artery revascularization compared to a single vessel revascularization on patients suffering from chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

More than 75% of patients presenting to the Emergency Department are suffering symptoms of pain. Despite this, 67% will not receive any analgesia. Methoxyflurane is a fluorinated hydrocarbon gas which has analgesic properties when inhaled. Penthrox is a methoxyflurane autoinhaler recently licenced in Europe. Its ease of administration, safety, and fast onset of action make it of particular relevance to emergency medicine. Additionally, outside the hospital, it has the advantage of increased temperature stability and portability over current standard care. New evidence of its efficacy is emerging; however, currently, its use in Europe is not widespread. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate the evidence on inhaled methoxyflurane to determine if it is a superior analgesia in the acute trauma setting.