Rejected

Glyphosate formulations, widely applied non-selective systemic herbicides, are progressively becoming the most controversial pesticides on the market due the adverse effects they pose to humans and environment. The information on these potential hazardous effects to the handlers of the pesticide remains obscure. This study investigated effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on growth performance, seminal parameters and hemato-biochemical profiles in male guinea pig. Forty sexually mature male guinea pigs weighing between 393.3 and 418.4 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals each and orally administered 0, 186, 280 and 560 mg/kg body weight of WILLOSATE daily for 60 days. Daily feed intake and body weight gain were recorded. At the end of experimental period all animals were humanely sacrificed, and blood samples and vital organs were collected for appropriate analysis. Results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain (-102.2%), final body weight (-9.8%) and feed intake (-13.1%) of animals following sub-chronic exposure of WILLOSATE. The weights of the liver and kidney increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 25.4% and 28.8%, respectively, while testicular weights decreased (p < 0.05) by 24% with increasing doses of WILLOSATE. A decrease in sperm motility (-67.9%), viability (-52.7%) and concentration per vas deferens (-40.7%), and an increase in sperm major (28.1%) and minor (45.3%) morphological aberrations were recorded in WILLOSATE – exposed guinea pigs when compared to controls. There was a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) in MCV and WBC and a decrease in Hb content and RBC, as well as serum content in total protein (-11.8%). The serum content of cholesterol (37.8%), urea (87.1%), creatinine (22.4%), ALAT (74.2%) and ASAT (88.7%) were significantly higher in treated groups compared to controls. These results point toward the toxic effects of WILLOSATE on vital organs and reproductive function of the body at high doses and long-term exposure.

Several cultivars of L. have been studied for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities but there is inadequate information on such biological activities of the concentrated extracts of the Nigerian grown red cultivar bulb.

The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and newborn have been widely demonstrated. However, breastfeeding rates at discharge are lower than recommended, so being able to identify women at risk of not breastfeeding at discharge could allow professionals to prioritise care.

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and role in therapy of fostemsavir in management of HIV-1 infection are reviewed, with an emphasis on clinical efficacy and safety data from phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials.

BACKGROUND Despite increased experience and technical developments in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) remains one of physicians' biggest challenges. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of perineural injection therapy (PIT) in the management of CPSP after TKA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 60 patients who had been surgically treated with TKA because of advanced knee osteoarthritis was included in the present study. The study included 2 groups. Group A consisted of patients who received 3 rounds of PIT combined with standard postoperative TKA protocol during the same period. Group B received standard postoperative TKA protocols (rehabilitation programs, oral and intravenous analgesics). Clinical effectiveness was evaluated via Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS All repeated measures showed significant improvements (P<0.001) in both groups for VAS and WOMAC scores. These scores were significantly better in group B in all follow-up periods compared with group A (P<0.001). Twenty-nine patients (93.5%) in group B reported excellent or good outcomes compared with 26 patients (89.6%) in group A. CONCLUSIONS PIT is a promising approach in CPSP with minimal cost, simple and secure injection procedures, minimal side effects, and higher clinical efficacy.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare condition in which the small intestine is covered by an inflammatory fibrocollagenous membrane; the exact etiology of EPS is unclear. Herein, we report the case of our patient who underwent hemodialysis and cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) and was diagnosed with EPS.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Tranexamic Acid (TXA) can significantly reduce perioperative blood loss in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) performed under regional anesthesia.

Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a technique that is not widely applied for gynecological surgery. Endometriosis affects 10% of the female population and chronic pelvic pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms. Laparoscopic surgery for removal of endometriosis may present a long intra-operative duration and this technique might improve postoperative pain control. We described a case report of a patient submitted to general anesthesia associated to bilateral QLB for pelvic endometriosis. QLB was an adjuvant anesthetic technique for endometriosis, providing somatic and visceral analgesia. However, prospective studies are needed to identify the standard dosage and total duration of analgesia.

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain related to the musculoskeletal system. Patients feel incapable and show catastrophic thoughts (exaggeration of the sensations) related to painful events. This study aimed to compare catastrophic thoughts of pain between daughters of women with fibromyalgia and daughters of women without fibromyalgia, no daughter having the syndrome. It was a case-control study in which 76 women were included: 38 daughters of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (case group), and 38 daughters of women without fibromyalgia (control group). The Brazilian versions of the Profile of Chronic Pain: Screen, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. Data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Continuous variables were compared between the groups using the Mann-Whitney U test or Student's t-test for independent samples. A significant difference was considered at p < 0.05. Regarding catastrophism, the case group had higher total catastrophism compared to the control group (p = 0.025). Daughters of patients with fibromyalgia showed higher rumination and magnification levels related to pain (p = 0.028 and p = 0.007, respectively) but did not show hopelessness. This study concludes that daughters of women with fibromyalgia are more likely to have symptoms of fibromyalgia due to their visualization of the syndrome. This indicates that emotional aspects may induce changes, and additional research on an individual basis is necessary.