Rejected

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been varied internationally but have not been studied in an Australian cohort.

The identification of factors associated with clinical recovery in youth after sports-related concussion could improve prognostication regarding return to play (RTP).

In this complex context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), headache medicine has been completely affected by this new reality, with new types of headaches directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 being detected. Personal protective equipment (PPE) was recommended for workers in many professions that did not previously require wearing masks leading to new headaches, or the exacerbation of past headaches, especially among health workers. A 57-year-old female working in a secondary care hospital had a history of migraine twice/month without aura and allodynia symptom checklist (ASC12) scored as 7 before COVID-19 outbreak. She began to work with PPE (surgical masks, face shield and surgical cap) and migraines became daily (bifrontal, pulsatile, with photophobia, nausea, vomiting and of severe intensity, visual analog scale: 7), starting after 1 h of wearing protective equipment and lasted for at least 6 h during the day. There was no adequate response to treatment. The headache frequency retuned to twice/month after the patient stayed home 45 days due to another condition. It is hypothesized here that people with allodynia symptoms when exposed to PPE are more susceptible to the development of new headaches or to the worsening of existing primary headaches. The relationship between previous allodynia determined with the ASC12 questionnaire and new headaches, or past primary headaches that have become worse during the COVID-19 pandemic in workers using PPE, should be better investigated in order to clarify this hypothesis. Cutaneous allodynia could be related with the sensitivity to PPE and headache progression.

Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the colon and a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea, predominantly in older patients. Microscopic colitis encompasses 2 different subtypes, lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. The colon typically appears normal endoscopically in MC, and the diagnosis requires histologic evaluation. Whereas recent studies suggest that the incidence of MC has plateaued, given the aging of the population, the prevalence of MC will likely increase. Risk factors for MC include increasing age; female sex; presence of other autoimmune diseases; and possibly use of certain medications, including proton pump inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and statins. The clinical presentation of MC is nonspecific and includes watery nonbloody diarrhea, nocturnal stools, fecal urgency, abdominal pain, arthralgias, and weight loss. The disease course of MC is variable; some patients experience occasional, intermittent symptoms, and others demonstrate more chronic and even progressive symptoms. The approach to treatment is similar for both lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis and should be guided by the severity of the patient's symptoms. Offending medications highly associated with MC should be eliminated as clinically possible. In patients with mild symptoms, antidiarrheals such as loperamide are the initial choice; for moderate-severe disease, budesonide is recommended for induction of clinical remission. In those with recurrent symptoms, low-dose budesonide may be required for maintenance therapy with close monitoring for potential adverse effects. In rare cases, immunomodulators may be required.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by a constellation of signs and symptoms including pain out of proportion to the injury or insult, autonomic dysfunction, trophic changes, and impaired function. CRPS may occur following either conservative or surgical management of distal radius fractures and can significantly complicate the trajectory of a patient's recovery. Although the incidence, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this condition have been extensively studied, optimal methods to identify, prevent, and treat this condition remain controversial. This article reviews the available literature on the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS in distal radius fractures.

To explore the central sensitization mechanism of pain in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

A 28-year-old man presented to our clinic with persistent left wrist pain. Three months earlier, he had fallen on an outstretched hand while snowboarding. Initial radiographs showed no fractures or dislocations; however, magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence of a dorsal projection from the scaphoid waist. There was no evidence of a scaphoid wrist fracture, scapholunate ligament disruption, or injury. The final diagnosis was avulsive cortical irregularity or cortical desmoid, which pertains to new bone formation at sites of muscle insertion. The literature has identified cases found in the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, adductor magnus muscles, and gastrocnemius insertion; however, it has never been reported in the scaphoid region. The proposed mechanism, in this case, is the repetitive pull on the radioscaphoid ligament. Avulsive cortical irregularities are benign conditions that mimic malignant conditions radiologically and microscopically. It is therefore important not to mistake this lesion for more worrisome lesions such as osteosarcoma or fibrosarcoma to avoid unnecessary procedures. In the incidental setting, no further imaging is necessary. If the patient presents with pain, atypical radiographical findings, or a suspicion of malignancy, a magnetic resonance image can provide valuable information and confirmation of diagnosis.

The clinical implications of bowel wall thickening (BWT) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) among children are unknown. We aimed to suggest a new method for measuring BWT and determining its clinical significance in children.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is easily missed or misdiagnosed in clinical settings because of its high variability in terms of symptoms and radiological findings. Herein, we aimed to explore a promising modality for confirming presumed CVT in the hope to uncover its superior diagnostic performance to conventional imaging modalities. The patient complained of intolerable pain in her forehead and left eye. Her lumbar puncture opening pressure was 140 mmHO, and her cerebrospinal fluid composition was normal. No marked abnormalities were observed in routine brain images, including non-contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography. However, chronic mural thrombi in the lumen of the left cortical veins, transverse/sigmoid sinus, and superior sagittal sinus were identified in magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging (MRBTI) maps.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated intestinal disease that is characterized by production of autoantibodies directed against the small intestine. The main clinical manifestations of CD are typically defined as those related to indigestion and malabsorption. These manifestations include unexplained diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, anemia, failure-to-thrive in children, and decreased bone density. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, which may also involve the gastrointestinal tract. Comorbidity of CD and SLE is rare, and the overlapping symptoms and nonspecific clinical presentation may pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. We report here a case of SLE with CD, which mainly manifested as recurrent diarrhea, uncorrectable electrolyte disorders, and severe malnutrition. Through review, we hope to further improve our understanding and diagnostic level of this combination of diseases.