Rejected

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a very common urological disorder and has been gradually regarded as an immune-mediated disease. Multiple studies have indicated that the gut microflora plays a pivotal part in immune homeostasis and autoimmune disorder development. However, whether the gut microflora affects the CP/CPPS, and the underlying mechanism behind them remain unclear. Here, we built an experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mouse model by subcutaneous immunity and identified that its Th17/Treg frequency was imbalanced. Using fecal 16s rRNA sequencing and untargeted/targeted metabolomics, we discovered that the diversity and relative abundance of gut microflora and their metabolites were obviously different between the control and the EAP group. Propionic acid, a kind of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), was decreased in EAP mice compared to that in controls, and supplementation with propionic acid reduced susceptibility to EAP and corrected the imbalance of Th17/Treg cell differentiation and . Furthermore, SCFA receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 43 and intracellular histone deacetylase 6 regulated by propionic acid in Th17 and Treg cells were also evaluated. Lastly, we observed that fecal transplantation from EAP mice induced the decrease of Treg cell frequency in recipient mice. Our data showed that gut dysbiosis contributed to a Th17/Treg differentiation imbalance in EAP the decrease of metabolite propionic acid and provided valuable immunological groundwork for further intervention in immunologic derangement of CP/CPPS by targeting propionic acid.

We previously described that different concentration Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/Nesfatin-1 gradients differently regulated visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on model rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia.

Dysbiotic gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has been extensively explored in recent years. Skin microbiome plays a crucial role in patients with skin diseases or even systemic disorders. Pruritus is caused by the retention of uremic solutes in the skin. Until now, no studies have investigated the role of skin microbiome in CKD and its association with pruritus. Here, we aim to examine the bacterial profile of skin microbiome in CKD and whether it is correlated to pruritus. A total of 105 CKD patients and 38 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Skin swab was used to collect skin samples at the antecubital fossa of participants. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes V3-V4 region was sequenced on NovaSeq platform. On the day of skin sample collection, renal function was assessed, and numeric rating scale was used to measure pruritus severity. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed a significant difference in bacterial composition between the groups of CKD and HC. A depletion of bacterial diversity was observed in CKD patients. , , , etc. showed significant higher abundance in CKD patients, whereas , , , etc. significantly declined in patients. achieved an acceptable diagnostic biomarker with area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.784 in the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. In addition, CKD patients with pruritus (P-CKD) had a different bacterial community comparing to those without pruritus (non-P-CKD) and HC group. Several bacterial genera showing significant difference between P-CKD and non-P-CKD/HC, such as , significantly declined in P-CKD patients than that in the HC group, and significantly increased in P-CKD patients compared to that in HC subjects. was positively associated with the levels of pruritus severity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, and urine protein; was negatively associated with pruritus severity, whereas it was positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 24-h urine volume. The dysbiotic of skin microbiome in CKD patients and its association with pruritus and renal function shed a light on skin probiotics.

Herpes zoster is caused by the reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus, which leads to acute pain that may disturb routine activities and affect patients' quality of life. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been commonly used for treating herpetic pain in clinical treatment. However, no relevant studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA for acute control in herpetic neuralgia patients. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the deficiencies of the current research.

Opioids have been widely used clinically as the first choice for pain management. Ileostomy closure usually leads to temporary intestinal paralysis, which manifests as abdominal distension and pain, delayed defecation, nausea, and vomiting. Intraoperative and postoperative use of opioids inhibit gastrointestinal function and aggravate intestinal paralysis, and are notoriously addictive. Thus, reducing perioperative opioid use is important for patients undergoing ileostomy closure to restore the continuity and integrity of the intestine. Intravenous lidocaine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and analgesic effects. We consider minimizing the use of opioids for such patients, and perioperative intravenous injection of lidocaine may be beneficial to the recovery of intestinal function in patients with ileostomy closure.

Progressive multiple organ failures still occur in some patients with pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis (PMC) despite α- and β-blockade being used, and emergency adrenalectomy may lead to rapid hemodynamic stabilization and recovery. Therefore, the optimal timing and surgical approach under PMC remain controversial.

Growing evidence shows that Baihu-Guizhi decoction (BHGZD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-originated disease-modifying anti-rheumatic prescription, may exert a satisfying clinical efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. In our previous studies, we verified its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. However, bioactive compounds (BACs) of BHGZD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, an integrative research strategy combining UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, gene expression profiling, network calculation, pharmacokinetic profiling, surface plasmon resonance, microscale thermophoresis, and pharmacological experiments was carried out to identify the putative targets of BHGZD and underlying BACs. After that, both and experiments were performed to determine the drug effects and pharmacological mechanisms. As a result, the calculation and functional modularization based on the interaction network of the "RA-related gene-BHGZD effective gene" screened the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 signaling-mediated pyroptosis to be one of the candidate effective targets of BHGZD for reversing the imbalance network of "immune-inflammation" during RA progression. In addition, both mangiferin (MG) and cinnamic acid (CA) were identified as representative BACs acting on that target, for the strong binding affinities between compounds and target proteins, good pharmacokinetic features, and similar pharmacological effects to BHGZD. Notably, both BHGZD and the two-BAC combination of MG and CA effectively alleviated the disease severity of the adjuvant-induced arthritis-modified rat model, including elevating pain thresholds, relieving joint inflammation and bone erosion inhibiting NF-κB TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling to suppress the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the downregulation of downstream caspase-1, the reduced release of IL-1β and IL-18, and the modulation of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Consistent data were obtained based on the pyroptosis cellular models of RAW264.7 and MH7A cells induced by LPS/ATP. In conclusion, these findings offer an evidence that the MG and CA combination identified from BHGZD may interact with TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulate pyroptosis, which provides the novel representative BACs and pharmacological mechanisms of BHGZD against active RA. Our data may shed new light on the mechanisms of the TCM formulas and promote the modernization development of TCM and drug discovery.

A 5-year-old girl, the first-born child from a nonconsanguineous marriage, presented with multiple clear fluid-filled lesions present for 2 years, covering the body and when ruptured healed spontaneously with scarring. Sunlight aggravated the lesions. The child had had a hoarse voice since she was 1 year old. She also had developed multiple painful, nonhealing ulcers in mouth for 1 month duration she was 1 month old. There was no history of discoloration of urine or staining of undergarments, recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, headache, memory loss, or seizures. (. 2022;20:224-227).

General anesthesia (GA) is the core means of surgical intervention, mainly used for analgesia and anxiety relief. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the laboratory and clinical research results during induction of GA. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) combined with atropine sulfate (Atr) has the potential to induce GA. However, the role of PHCD combined with Atr during tracheal intubation under GA remains unclear.

The purpose of this study is to determine if using a combination of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine (Dex-Dex) in a single-shot perineural local anesthestic provides an increased duration of pain relief and reduced consumption of opioids for patients undergoing shoulder surgery.