Not Reviewed

Cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) occur in up to 40% of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) recipients. However, the association of cirAEs with survival remains unclear.

Primary idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (AC) is characterized by shoulder pain and global limitations in range of motion (ROM). The aim of this study was to determine (1) if a spectrum of symptom severity exists during the freezing phase of AC and (2) identify factors associated with patient selection of corticosteroid injection (CSI) for treatment.

Fatal "cytokine storms (CS)" observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients are consequences of dysregulated host immune system and over-exuberant inflammatory response. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-system organ failure, and eventual death are distinctive symptoms, attributed to higher morbidity and mortality rates among these patients. Consequent efforts to save critical COVID-19 patients via the usage of several novel therapeutic options are put in force. Strategically, drugs being used in such patients are dexamethasone, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, etc. along with the approved vaccines. Moreover, it is certain that activation of the resolution process is important for the prevention of chronic diseases. Until recently Inflammation resolution was considered a passive process, rather it's an active biochemical process that can be achieved by the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These endogenous mediators are an array of atypical lipid metabolites that include Resolvins, lipoxins, maresins, protectins, considered as immunoresolvents, but their role in COVID-19 is ambiguous. Recent evidence from studies such as the randomized clinical trial, in which omega 3 fatty acid was used as supplement to resolve inflammation in COVID-19, suggests that direct supplementation of SPMs or the use of synthetic SPM mimetics (which are still being explored) could enhance the process of resolution by regulating the aberrant inflammatory process and can be useful in pain relief and tissue remodeling. Here we discussed the biosynthesis of SPMs, & their mechanistic pathways contributing to inflammation resolution along with sequence of events leading to CS in COVID-19, with a focus on therapeutic potential of SPMs.

The aim is to compare the effects of different electrical stimulations on pain, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS).

Stress suppresses the sense of pain, a physiological phenomenon known as stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Brain orexin peptides regulate many physiological functions, including wakefulness and nociception. The contribution of the orexinergic system within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the modulation of antinociception induced by forced swim stress (FSS) remains unclear. The present study addressed the role of intra-accumbal orexin receptors in the antinociceptive responses induced by FSS during the persistent inflammatory pain model in the rat. Stereotaxic surgery was performed unilaterally on 106 adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-305 g. Different doses (1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol/ 0.5 μl DMSO) of orexin-1 receptor (OX1r) antagonist (SB334867) or OX2 receptor antagonist (TCS OX2 29) were administered into the NAc five minutes before exposure to FSS for a 6-min period. The formalin test was carried out using formalin injection (50 μl; 2.5%) into the rat's hind paw plantar surface, which induces biphasic pain-related responses. The first phase begins immediately after formalin infusion and takes 3-5 min. Subsequently, the late phase begins 15-20 min after formalin injection and takes 20-40 min. The findings demonstrated that intra-accumbal microinjection of SB334867 or TCS OX2 29 attenuated the FSS-induced antinociception in both phases of the formalin test, with the TCS OX2 29 showing higher potency. Moreover, the effect of TCS OX2 29 was more significant during the early phase of the formalin test. The results suggest that OX1 and OX2 receptors in the NAc might modulate the antinociceptive responses induced by the FSS.

Stingray injuries are common presentations to emergency departments near warm coastal waters. Commonly reported injuries include puncture wounds, lacerations, and envenomations, the latter of which cause severe pain but are usually easily treated with warm water immersion. We report a case of delayed histamine reaction in a patient who sustained a stingray envenomation one week prior which we believe is the first such report in the medical literature but is found on discussion boards for those who have sustained stingray injuries. The literature on such envenomations is reviewed.

To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA) intervention in rats with primary dysmenorrhea(PDM) based on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the morphology of prostate and degranulation of mast cells in prostate of rats with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP).

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of chronic pain can be illustrated in many ways. Our aim is to adapt three illustrations of the BPS approach selected from the literature to target different groups: patients, health professionals and clinical trainees. In clinician-patient consultations, we use an illustration which shows the interactions among the BPS domains in the creation of suffering and pain behaviours in a "vicious spiral". Moreover, we help our patients understand chronic pain often does not entail remaining tissue damage. In clinical practice, we communicate to other health professionals that the relative contribution of each BPS domain varies from patient to patient. This disproportional contribution may also change dynamically over the time. In teaching clinical trainees, we combine thoroughness (i.e., focus on "details") with an understanding of the "dynamics" of pain chronification/chronic pain, i.e., focus on helping the trainee identify the mutual and joint interactions between different parts of the BPS framework. CONCLUSION: The three illustrations can be used as pedagogical tools for better-informed BPS perspectives in different settings. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians need to be keen observers and adapt their communication depending on whom they are talking to.