Accepted

The anterolateral system (ALS) is a major ascending pathway from the spinal cord that projects to multiple brain areas and underlies the perception of pain, itch and skin temperature. Despite […]

Migraine is a progressive neurological condition often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Various drugs have recently been used in the treatment of migraine, including sumatriptan (SUT). However, SUT has poor […]

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alleviate pain and inflammation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway. This pathway has various downstream effects, some of which are beneficial. Prostaglandin E is a key downstream product […]

The immune system and the central nervous system exchange information continuously. This communication is a prerequisite for adaptive responses to physiological and psychological stressors. While the implicate relationship between inflammation […]

In the field of neuroscience, a considerable number of commercial data acquisition and processing solutions rely on proprietary formats for data storage. This often leads to data being locked up […]

The opioids have been used for more than a thousand years and are not only the most widely prescribed drugs for moderate to severe pain and acute pain, but also […]

Neuropathic pain remains a prevalent and challenging condition to treat, with current therapies often providing inadequate relief. Ozone therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option; however, its mechanisms of […]

Neuroimaging has revealed that migraine is linked to alterations in both the structure and function of the brain. However, the relationship of these changes with aging has not been studied […]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease that affects all the tissues within the joint and currently lacks disease-modifying treatments in clinical practice. Despite the potential of rapamycin for OA […]