Accepted

Musculoskeletal pain is a leading cause of medical visits, posing significant challenges both socially and economically, encouraging the scientific community to continue researching and exploring the most effective methods to […]

Exposure to physical and psychological stress modulates pain transmission in a dual manner. Stress-induced analgesia (SIA) refers to the reduction in pain sensitivity that can occur in response to acute […]

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the primary causes of low back pain, causing disability; hence, there is no regenerative nature of the current treatments. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was […]

Mechanosensitive ion channels, particularly Piezo channels, are widely expressed in various tissues. However, their role in immune cells remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the functional role of […]

The gabapentenoids such as gabapentin (GP) and pregabalin are approved for the treatment of chronic pain, but their utility is limited by persistent side effects. These adverse effects result from […]

Pain aversion is an avoidance response to painful stimuli. Previous research has indicated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in pain aversion processing. However, as interneurons, the role […]

Apitoxin therapy (BVT-bee venom therapy) is an emerging complementary treatment utilizing bee venom for various medical conditions. This review explores the potential and therapeutic mechanisms of bee venom, focusing on […]

Migraine and insomnia are prevalent conditions that often co-occur, each exacerbating the other and substantially impacting the quality of life. The locus coeruleus (LC), a brainstem region responsible for norepinephrine […]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder characterized by widespread chronic pain, significant depression, and various neural abnormalities. Recent research suggests a reciprocal exacerbation mechanism between chronic pain and depression. In patients […]

This study aimed to elucidate the nature and extent of the associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and migraine through a systematic review and meta-analysis.