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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab, a humanized anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody, in the preventive treatment of chronic migraine (CM).
Learn More >Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common types of chronic cancer pain and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are new promising targets in the field of pain research, however, their involvements in BCP have not been reported. In the present study, we established the BCP model by implantation of Walker 256 carcinoma cells into rats' tibial medullary cavity and performed transcriptome sequencing of the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord to explore changes in expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA. We identified 1220 differently expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) (1171 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated) and 323 differently expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) (246 up-regulated and 77 down-regulated) in BCP model, among which 10 DEmRNAs (5 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) and 10 DElncRNAs (5 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) were validated the expression by RT-qPCR. Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on the expression of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs, showing that they were mainly enriched in inflammatory and immunologic processes/pathways. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network and a ceRNA network of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs to exhibit a potential regulatory mechanism of DElncRNAs, directly regulating protein coding gene expression in cis or in trans and indirectly regulating protein coding gene expression by sponging miRNA. In conclusion, our study provided a landscape of dysregulated lncRNA and mRNA in spinal cord of bone cancer pain and detected novel potential targets for treatment in the future.
Learn More >To compare the concordance of the three diagnostic criteria, respectively the 2011 ACR criteria (ACR 2011 Cr), the ACR 2016 criteria (ACR 2016 Cr) and the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations Innovations Opportunities and Networks (ACTTION)-APS Pain Taxonomy criteria (AAPT Cr), and to explore the performance of an additional set of criteria, the modified Fibromyalgia Assessment Status (FAS 2019 modCr), in the diagnosis of FM syndrome.
Learn More >Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been linked to neuropathic pain and IDO1 inhibitors have been shown to reduce pain in animals. Some studies have indicated that IDO1 expression increased after neuropathic pain in hippocampus and spinal cord, whether these changes existing in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala remains obscure and how IDO1 inhibition leads to analgesia is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of PCC0208009, an indirect IDO1 inhibitor, on neuropathic pain and examined the related neurobiological mechanisms.
Learn More >Cluster headache is a neurological disorder that patients consider the most severe pain they experience. Recognizing new treatments provides opportunities to advance current management.
Learn More >There are safe and well-tolerated level A evidence-based behavioral therapies for the prevention of migraine. They are biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relaxation. However, the behavioral therapies for the prevention of migraine are underutilized.
Learn More >The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is famous for its longevity and unusual physiology. This eusocial species that lives in highly ordered and hierarchical colonies with a single breeding queen, also discovered secrets enabling somewhat pain-free living around 20 million years ago. Unlike most mammals, naked mole-rats do not feel the burn of chili pepper's active ingredient, capsaicin, nor the sting of acid. Indeed, by accumulating mutations in genes encoding proteins that are only now being exploited as targets for new pain therapies (the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA and voltage-gated sodium channel, Na1.7), this species mastered the art of analgesia before humans evolved. Recently, we have identified pain insensitivity as a trait shared by several closely related African mole-rat species. One of these African mole-rats, the Highveld mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae), is uniquely completely impervious and pain free when confronted with electrophilic compounds that activate the TRPA1 ion channel. The Highveld mole-rat has evolved a biophysical mechanism to shut down the activation of sensory neurons that drive pain. In this review, we will show how mole-rats have evolved pain insensitivity as well as discussing what the proximate factors may have been that led to the evolution of pain-free traits.
Learn More >The role of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in migraine prophylaxis has not been completely established. Current treatments for vestibular migraine (VM) are based on scarce evidence. We aimed to perform an updated review focusing on the efficacy and tolerability of SNRIs for migraine and VM prevention.
Learn More >Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications associated with chronic pain. Almost 20% of chronic pain patients suffer from cognitive impairment, which may substantially influence their quality of life. Levels of major excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and alterations in the glutamatergic system may influence cognitive function and the pain sensory pathway. In the present study, we adopted the spare nerve injury model to establish the progress of chronic pain and investigated the mechanism underlying the cognitive aspect related to it. At behavioral level, using the novel-object recognition test, mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in peripheral nerve injured rats as they exhibited recognition deficits. We showed a dramatic decrease in hippocampal glutamate concentration using nuclear magnetic resonance and reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission using whole-cell recordings. These were associated with deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collateral afferent. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography revealed lower levels of D-serine in the hippocampus of SNI rats and that D-serine treatment could restore synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction. The reduction of excitatory synapses was also increased by administering D-serine. These findings suggest that chronic pain has a critical effect on synaptic plasticity linked to cognitive function and may built up a new target for the development of cognitive impairment under chronic pain conditions.
Learn More >In an oversaturated market of publicly available mobile apps for psychosocial self-care and stress management, health care providers, patients, and consumers interested in mental health-related apps may wonder which, if any, are efficacious. Readily available metrics for consumers include user popularity and media buzz rather than scientific evidence.
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