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Prolonged postoperative pain is a major concern and occurs more frequently in women, but mechanisms remain elusive. NR2B-containging N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a key component of nociception transduction. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-mediated iron overload involves NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in males. Kalirin-7 is vital in synaptic plasticity underlying pathological pain in males. Herein, the requirement for kalirin-7 in NR2B phosphorylation-dependent iron accumulation and spine plasticity in postoperative pain after tibial fracture in female mice has been examined.
Learn More >Pain is a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is mediated by inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms and negatively affects quality of life. Recent findings from a Phase 3 clinical trial showed that patients with RA who were treated with a Janus kinase 1 (Jak1) and Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) inhibitor achieved significantly greater improvements in pain than those treated with a tumor necrosis factor blocker; both treatments resulted in similar changes in standard clinical measures and markers of inflammation. These findings suggest that Jak1 and Jak2 inhibition may relieve pain in RA caused by inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms and are consistent with the overarching involvement of the Jak-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway in mediating the action, expression, and regulation of a multitude of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of pain in RA, the underlying importance of cytokines regulated directly or indirectly by the Jak/STAT pathway, and therapeutic targeting of the Jak/STAT pathway in RA. As highlighted herein, multiple cytokines directly or indirectly regulated by the Jak/STAT pathway play important roles in mediating various mechanisms underlying pain in RA. Having a better understanding of these mechanisms may help clinicians make treatment decisions that optimize the control of inflammation and pain.
Learn More >: Erenumab has recently been approved as a pharmacological treatment for the prevention of migraine. However, the incidence estimates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were not consistent among studies. Consequently, pooled measures of the incidences of ADRs that accounts for inter-study heterogeneity are desirable. In addition, little is known on the factors leading to such heterogeneity. : Clinical trials evaluating the occurrence of ADRs related to erenumab in migraine patients were searched with Ovid MEDLINE until April 2020. Random intercept models were used to estimate the pooled incidence of the ADRs reported at least in 5 different study populations. To examine whether specific factors correlated with the pooled incidence, we performed random-effects meta-regression. : Of 138 retrieved references, 8 clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. We observed a significant heterogeneity of the incidence estimates of back pain, influenza, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Most of the observed heterogeneity is ascribed to treatment duration for back pain ( = 0.045), influenza ( < 0.001) and URTI ( < 0.001), and significantly attributed to Body Mass Index (BMI) for nasopharyngitis ( < 0.001). : Back pain, influenza, nasopharyngitis and URTI showed a significant heterogeneity of incidence estimates.
Learn More >To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of erenumab in a real-life migraine population, while trying to identify responsiveness predictors.
Learn More >To determine the pain intensity of cluster headache through a large survey by comparing it to other painful disorders. Furthermore, to investigate the relationship between maximal pain, autonomic, and other clinical symptoms, as well as demographic attributes of cluster headache.
Learn More >Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated dermatologic disorder with a prevalence among children estimated at 0.1%-0.45%, and a median age of onset at approximately 7-10 years. Pediatric psoriasis is known to have negative impacts on health-related quality of life. Among the most bothersome symptoms, itch has been measured using the Itch Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). This study explored the symptom and impacts of itch with pediatric psoriasis patients and evaluated the content validity of the Itch NRS in children.
Learn More >Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) is a characteristic symptom of fibromyalgia, which has been shown to be associated with an altered gut microbiome. Microbiome studies to date have not examined the milder CWP phenotype specifically nor have they explored the role of raised BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the microbiome is abnormal in CWP.
Learn More >As psychosocial factors have been recognised as significant predictors of the recovery trajectory from chronic back pain, the 34-item Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed based on themes obtained from patient interviews, but previous psychometric analyses with a general population sample revealed uncertainty around the factor structure of the instrument.
Learn More >A chronic pain patient sample living in the United States who participated in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire is characterized.
Learn More >Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing and remitting disease characterized by intense pruritus that can lead to scratching and eczematous lesions that vary in extent and severity . Over 60% of AD cases are mild, characterized by slight erythema, induration, and lichenification . Chronic pruritus, pruritus lasting more than 6 weeks, has been reported by 91% of AD patients . The pathophysiology of AD is driven by a combination of skin barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and immune system dysregulation .
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