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Ingestion of alcoholic beverages is a known trigger of migraine attacks. However, whether and how ethanol exerts its pro-migraine action remains poorly known. Ethanol stimulates the transient receptor potential vanilloid […]
Learn More >The Sigma 2 receptor (σ R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 […]
Learn More >Pain is a key non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that significantly impacts on life quality. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain in PD are poorly understood, hence the lack of […]
Learn More >P2 receptors have been implicated in the release of neurotransmitter and pro-inflammatory cytokines due to their response to neuro-excitatory substances in the microglia. The P2X4, P2X7 and P2Y12 receptors are […]
Learn More >Prognostic variables for assessing people with whiplash associated disorder (WAD) following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) have been evaluated in numerous studies. However, there is minimal evidence assessing how these […]
Learn More >Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an impaired immune system that severely affects the spinal cord and brain, and which is marked by progressive inflammatory demyelination. Patients with MS may […]
Learn More >Many countries have high opioid use among people with chronic non-cancer pain. Knowledge about effective interventions that could be implemented at scale is limited. We designed a national intervention that […]
Learn More >Opioid medications are the mainstay of pain management but present substantial side-effects such as respiratory depression which can be lethal with overdose. Most opioid drugs, such as fentanyl, act on […]
Learn More >Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects from children to adults widely, presenting symptoms such as pruritus, erythema, scaling, and dryness. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has […]
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