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Cluster headache is characterized by activation of the autonomic-trigeminal reflex. Nitric oxide can trigger headaches in patients, and nitric oxide signaling is known to be affected in cluster headache. Based on the hypothesis of nitric oxide being involved in cluster headache pathophysiology we investigated nitric oxide synthases as potential candidate genes for cluster headache. We analyzed eight variants in the three forms of nitric oxide synthase () genes, inducible (), endothelial () and neuronal (), and tested for association with cluster headache. Swedish cluster headache patients ( = 542) and controls ( = 581) were genotyped using TaqMan assays on an Applied Biosystems 7500 qPCR cycler. This is the largest performed genetic study on involvement in cluster headache so far. We found an association between cluster headache and one haplotype consisting of the minor alleles of rs2297518 and rs2779249 ( = 0.022). In addition, one of the analyzed variants, rs2682826, was associated with reported triptan use ( = 0.039). Our data suggest that genetic variants in genes do not have a strong influence on cluster headache pathophysiology, but that certain combinations of genetic variants in genes may influence the risk of developing the disorder or triptan use.
Learn More >To evaluate the feasibility in children of an intensive prospective data monitoring methodology for identifying precipitating conditions for migraine occurrence.
Learn More >Although the mechanism of chronic migraine is still unclear, more and more studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a possible role in migraine pathophysiology. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in mitochondrial dysfunction in many diseases. However, there is no research on the role of SIRT1 in mitochondrial dysfunction of chronic migraine. The aim of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 in mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic migraine. A rat model was established through repeated dural infusions of inflammatory soup for 7 days to simulate chronic migraine attacks. Cutaneous hyperalgesia caused by the repeated infusions of inflammatory soup was detected using the von Frey test. Then, we detected SIRT1 expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. To explore the effect of SIRT1 on mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic migraine rats, we examined whether SRT1720, an activator of SIRT1, altered mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic migraine rats. Repeated infusions of inflammatory soup resulted in cutaneous hyperalgesia accompanied by downregulation of SIRT1. SRT1720 significantly alleviated the cutaneous hyperalgesia induced by repeated infusions of inflammatory soup. Furthermore, activation of SIRT1 markedly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1-alpha, transcription factor A, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and nuclear respiratory factor 2 mitochondrial DNA and increased the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results indicate that SIRT1 may have an effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic migraine rats. Activation of SIRT1 has a protective effect on mitochondrial function in chronic migraine rats.
Learn More >To characterize patients who utilize services for migraine in a large integrated health care network, and describe patterns of care and utilization.
Learn More >Accurate, up-to-date estimates of the burden of migraine and severe headache are important for evidence-based decision-making about workforce needs and the distribution of health resources. We used data from US government health surveys to report the prevalence, trends, and impact of this condition by age, sex, and poverty status.
Learn More >To evaluate the association of routine exercise with headache frequency, intensity, and duration among adults with episodic migraine (EM).
Learn More >Migraine is a common disabling neurological disorder. Current acute treatments for migraine in adolescents are mostly pharmacological and may have limited effectiveness, can cause side effects, and may lead to medication overuse. There is an unmet need for effective and well-tolerated treatments. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a novel acute treatment of migraine that stimulates upper arm peripheral nerves to induce conditioned pain modulation (CPM)-an endogenous analgesic mechanism. The REN device (Nerivio , Theranica Bio-Electronics Ltd., Israel) is a FDA-authorized device for acute treatment of migraine in adults. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of REN in adolescents with migraine.
Learn More >Central sensitization is one of the important pathological mechanisms of chronic migraine (CM). Metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) mediates pain by activating various intracellular pathways. However, whether mGluR5 contributes to central sensitization in CM and the exact mechanism remains unclear. Male rats were used to establish a CM model by repeated infusions of inflammatory soup (IS) for 7 days to stimulate the activation of the dural nociceptor. The mechanical and thermal thresholds were used to evaluate allodynia, and central sensitization was assessed by measuring calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62/SQSTM1 were used to assess autophagy. We found that the expression of mGluR5 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of CM rats was significantly increased. In addition, the downregulation of mGluR5 activated autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. Moreover, the activation of autophagy alleviated allodynia and central sensitization in CM rats. This study identified a novel strategy for the treatment of CM; the downregulation of mGluR5 in a rat model of CM decreased the expression of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and the central sensitization-associated proteins CGRP and SP by activating autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR pathway.
Learn More >: Erenumab has recently been approved as a pharmacological treatment for the prevention of migraine. However, the incidence estimates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were not consistent among studies. Consequently, pooled measures of the incidences of ADRs that accounts for inter-study heterogeneity are desirable. In addition, little is known on the factors leading to such heterogeneity. : Clinical trials evaluating the occurrence of ADRs related to erenumab in migraine patients were searched with Ovid MEDLINE until April 2020. Random intercept models were used to estimate the pooled incidence of the ADRs reported at least in 5 different study populations. To examine whether specific factors correlated with the pooled incidence, we performed random-effects meta-regression. : Of 138 retrieved references, 8 clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. We observed a significant heterogeneity of the incidence estimates of back pain, influenza, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Most of the observed heterogeneity is ascribed to treatment duration for back pain ( = 0.045), influenza ( < 0.001) and URTI ( < 0.001), and significantly attributed to Body Mass Index (BMI) for nasopharyngitis ( < 0.001). : Back pain, influenza, nasopharyngitis and URTI showed a significant heterogeneity of incidence estimates.
Learn More >To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of erenumab in a real-life migraine population, while trying to identify responsiveness predictors.
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