Papers of the Week

A single caudal anaesthetic at the start of lower abdominal surgery is unlikely to provide prolonged analgesia. A second caudal at the end of the procedure extends the analgesia duration but total plasma concentrations may be associated with toxicity. Our aim was to measure total plasma levobupivacaine concentrations after repeat caudal anaesthesia in infants and to generate a pharmacokinetic model for prediction of plasma concentrations after repeat caudal anaesthesia in neonates, infants and children.