Multidisciplinary chronic pain management strategies in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of disorders characterized by abnormal connective tissue affecting several organ systems. Patients with the hypermobile type of EDS (hEDS) commonly experience chronic pain which can present as musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain or abdominal pain. The effective management of chronic pain in hEDS patients is a challenge. This study reviews two cases of chronic pain in hEDS patients and the multimodal treatment regimen used along with peripheral nerve stimulation for shoulder and knee pains, never before reported in hEDS patients. Since hEDS associated chronic pain is multifactorial in origin, treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach which includes physical therapy, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and interventional pain procedures such as trigger point injections, peripheral nerve block, radiofrequency ablation and peripheral nerve stimulation.