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Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) constitutes an important surgical problem with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Presentation is usually delayed with a majority of patients benefitting only from palliative treatment. Surgeons practicing in developing countries face herculean task in managing MOJ due to lack of minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. Palliative surgical procedures are associated with high morbidity and sometimes mortality. Abdominal pain, generalized pruritus, and gastric outlet obstruction are some of the symptoms of MOJ requiring palliation. Successful surgical palliation may improve the overall quality of life in patients with MOJ considered fit for surgery. Bypass procedures and regional nerve blocks constitute the most effective surgical palliation available to surgeons practicing in resource-limited settings. This review article discusses the indications, the role, and types of surgical bypass procedures in the management of MOJ in contemporary surgical practice. This is important for surgeons in countries where expertise and resources for the less morbid endoscopic and radiologic approaches are not available. Relevant articles up to January 2021 published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Hinari on the surgical management of obstructive jaundice were reviewed for inclusion. We also reviewed some modern surgical textbook topics on obstructive jaundice.

There is a paucity of studies in the West African sub-region which have compared both the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects of caudal block and inguinal field block using plain bupivacaine in groin surgeries in children. The study aimed to compare the duration of analgesia and complications of caudal block and inguinal field block in pediatric groin surgeries.

This study aimed to determine the awareness, prevalence, and pattern of ocular problems related to computer [computer vision syndrome (CVS)] use among bank workers in Onitsha, Nigeria.

Intracranial subdural empyema (SDE) is a seemingly uncommon life-threatening ailment with varying presentations and outcomes. A variety of risk factors have been associated with predisposition to intracranial SDEs; however, they may be cryptogenic. There is an increased predilection for intracranial SDE in children and teenagers with paranasal sinusitis or middle ear infections. The clinical presentation is non-specific and thus a high index of suspicion is required. Neuroimaging is an invaluable diagnostic tool for early diagnosis and surgical intervention. There have been multiple proponents for either burr hole or craniotomy to treat intracranial SDEs; however, despite surgical intervention, adverse neurologic sequelae and even mortality still occur. Extended antibiotic therapy is mandatory and impacts significantly on patients' outcomes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is nowadays the most common musculoskeletal progressive condition. In recent decades, incidence and prevalence of OA have increased significantly. It is estimated that the prevalence of OA among adults older than 60 is 12%, affecting about 240 million people globally. The cause has not been fully elucidated, and therefore, there is no cure at the moment. It is a multifactorial degenerative disease with an inflammatory component mediated by numerous proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. OA is not yet fully understood; therefore, therapeutic interventions are aimed primarily at reducing symptoms and slowing the progression of joint destruction. Of the therapeutic options available, the most often prescribed are nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs, which have numerous side effects. Therefore, a need for a safe, effective substance is differentiated, which will be used in adjuvant treatment, but also in disease prevention, and which will comparatively have no or fewer side effects. One such substance is curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol that forms the active component of the rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant. Several studies have shown its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, non-toxicity, and safety at high daily doses. In addition to blocking chondrocyte apoptosis, curcumin also blocks the expression of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E-2 and proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes, potentially alleviating symptomatic diseases. Although there are significant variations in quality, methodology, and research results conducted on curcumin efficiency in OA treatment, curcumin is primarily recommended as systematic short-term and medium-term adjuvant therapy that reduces inflammatory biochemical factors. Reducing inflammation leads to better pain regulation and improved joint function, significantly reducing standard prescribed doses of drugs. The most researched daily doses of curcumin intake are 1000-2000 mg/day, which would also be the doses that most of the authors recommend. Further research is needed to determine the preventive role of curcumin in the pathogenesis of OA, the effects of long-term usage of curcumin in preventive purposes and treatment of osteoarthritis, as well as to determine optimal therapeutic dosages.

Medical cannabis is becoming an acceptable treatment modality in medicine, especially for pain relief. Concurrently, cannabis use is becoming more prevalent worldwide, a public demand-driven trend despite the lack of established scientific basis. This observational open-label study sought to investigate the effectiveness of cannabis therapy for alleviating low back pain symptoms.

The bilateral presentation of Carotid Body Tumors (CBT) is rare; the surgical resection of these masses remains the mainstay management due to the malignant potential. We aim to describe, classify, and quantify baroreceptor failure (BRF) after the surgical management of patients with bilateral CBT to better understand the clinical consequences.

This article aims to summarize the incidence of these complications through a meta-analysis, analyze the causes of complications and provide clinical promotion and recommendations.

SARS CoV-2 infection involves many organs and systems, including the thyroid, in which it manifests itself as subacute thyroiditis (SAT). After our first description of SAT due to SARS-CoV2 infection, other reports have confirmed the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and SAT. We review the cases of SAT associated with COVID-19 to highlight its peculiar clinical and biochemical features, including its outcome and what it has added to our understanding of SAT.