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: To investigate the effect of progressive resistance exercise compared with low intensity home-based exercises on knee-muscle strength and joint function in people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and persistent hamstring strength deficits at 12-24 months after surgery. : Randomized controlled superiority trial with parallel groups, balanced randomization (1:1) and blinded outcome assessment. : We searched the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 6, 2022. : People with ACL reconstruction (hamstring autograft) and persistent hamstring muscle strength asymmetry were recruited one to two years post-surgery and randomised to either twelve weeks of supervised progressive strength training (SNG), or twelve weeks of home-based, low-intensity exercises (CON). The primary outcome was between-group difference in change in maximal isometric knee flexor muscle strength at twelve-week follow-up. : Fifty-one participants (45% women, 27 ± 6 years) were randomized to SNG (n=25) or CON (n=26), with 88% follow-up rate at twelve weeks. People in the SNG group improved their knee flexor muscle strength (0.18 Nm/kg, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.29; p = 0.002) more than the CON group, from baseline to twelve weeks. The SNG group also had superior Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) for Pain (4.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 8.7; p = 0.031) and Daily Living Function (4.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.2; p = 0.010) compared to the CON group. : In people with persistent hamstrings muscle strength deficits after ACL reconstruction, 12 weeks of supervised progressive strength training was superior to low intensity home based exercises for improving maximal knee flexor muscle strength and some patient reported outcomes.

Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (EEM) has been associated with marked clinical heterogeneity. Early epilepsy onset has been recently linked to lower chances of achieving sustained remission and to a less favorable neuropsychiatric outcome. However, much work is still needed to better delineate this epilepsy syndrome.

Patient-reported outcome instruments are key in assessing COVID-19-related symptoms and associated burden. However, a valid and reliable instrument to assess symptom severity and progression among outpatients with COVID-19 is not yet available.

To evaluate the effect of statin use on osteoarthritis (OA) incidence/progression using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a population-based cohort with predominantly pre-radiographic knee OA.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome may be underdiagnosed. It can be accompanied by various complications, mainly intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The clinical presentation of this condition varies according to its localization. The aims of this review are to raise awareness of the disease, especially in the presence of corresponding risk factors; to connect its precipitating factors, pathophysiology, and complications; and to compare various differential diagnoses of vasoconstriction.

Modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through the perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) is a new technique that provides effective analgesia of the anterior and lateral thoracoabdominal walls by administering local anesthesia only to the underside of the perichondral surface. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of M-TAPA block performed before surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

The COVID-19 pandemic had remarkable effects on psychological distress. The main stressors were prolonged quarantine and social isolation, fear of infection and death, stigmatization, infodemic, financial difficulties, and job loss. These negative stressors, which affect mental and physical health, make people more vulnerable to nocebo-related risk behaviors. We aimed to summarize data on nocebo behaviors, such as the negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of how people perceive and interpret medical services and treatments.

Pruritus in cholestatic liver diseases can be a major burden and dramatically impair the quality of life of those affected. Here, we provide an update on the latest insights into the molecular pathogenesis of and novel therapeutic approaches for cholestasis-associated itch. Endogenous and exogenous small-molecule pruritogen candidates bind to their receptors on unmyelinated itch C-fibres in the skin. Candidate pruritogens in cholestasis include certain lysophospholipids and sulfated progesterone metabolites, among others, whereas total bile acid or bilirubin conjugates seem unlikely to have a dominant role in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-associated pruritus. Transmission of itch signals via primary, secondary and tertiary itch neurons to the postcentral gyrus and activation of scratch responses offer various targets for therapeutic intervention. At present, evidence-based treatment options for pruritus in fibrosing cholangiopathies, such as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, are the peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor (PPAR) agonist bezafibrate and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist rifampicin. In pruritus of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, ursodeoxycholic acid is recommended and might be supported in the third trimester by rifampicin if needed. Alternatively, non-absorbable anion exchange resins, such as cholestyramine, can be administered, albeit with poor trial evidence. Liver transplantation for intolerable refractory pruritus has become an extremely rare therapeutic strategy.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising treatment option for migraines. This study aims to investigate the modulation effects of different taVNS frequencies along the central vagus nerve pathway in migraineurs.

Pain and smell are the oldest senses for apperceive our environment. It is known that chronic pain and olfaction share common limbic cortical regions which are the main parts of the pain neuromatrix such as the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex. Also, these regions point out the psychosocial aspects of chronic pain. And currently, the most challenging part of chronic pain management is the psychosocial aspect such as kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, or depression. Thus, the connection between olfaction and pain has promising clues to determining new combined therapies with odor training. According to intriguing brain imaging and genetic studies, we hypothesized that patients with chronic pain may have differentiated olfactory thresholds. Further, the additional odor training to the traditional therapeutic approach could be beneficial regarding the patients' pain perspective and psychosocial domains.