The COVID-19 pandemic had remarkable effects on psychological distress. The main stressors were prolonged quarantine and social isolation, fear of infection and death, stigmatization, infodemic, financial difficulties, and job loss. These negative stressors, which affect mental and physical health, make people more vulnerable to nocebo-related risk behaviors. We aimed to summarize data on nocebo behaviors, such as the negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of how people perceive and interpret medical services and treatments.
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